What is human translation?

Answer 1

1. According to the cultural attitude adopted by the translator when translating, it can be divided into domestication translation and foreignization translation. Domestication translation refers to the translation of elements that are naturally suitable in the cultural context of the original language into elements that are naturally suitable in the cultural context of the translated language, so that the translated readers can immediately understand, that is, free translation. The foreignization translation is the appropriate translation directly according to the cultural context of the original language, that is, literal translation.

2. According to the expected role of the translated works in the translated language and culture, it can be divided into instrumental translation and documentary translation.

3. According to the form and meaning of the language involved in the translation. It is divided into semantic translation and communicative translation. Semantic translation reproduces the meaning of the context of the original text as accurately as possible under the conditions permitted by the semantics and syntactic structure of the target language. Communicative translation seeks to achieve the same effect on readers of the original text as possible.

4. According to the translator's perspective of comparing and observing the original text and the translated text, it can be divided into literary translation and linguistic translation. Literary translation seeks the equivalence of literary functions between the translated text and the original text. Its theory often advocates that in the case where it is impossible to copy the literary expression of the original text, the translation text can only be more beautiful but not inferior. relationship issues. Linguistic translation seeks the law of systematic transformation between the two, and advocates applying the results of linguistic research to translation, and at the same time promoting the development of linguistics through translation practice.

5. According to the relationship between the purpose of translation and the language form of the original language, it can be divided into literal translation and free translation.

6. According to the translation medium, it is divided into interpretation, written translation, sight translation, simultaneous interpretation, etc.