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What 2 dramatic events occurred in Britain the 1330s and 1340s?
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When did King Tutankhamuns dad die?
King Tutankhamun's father was named Akhenaten (also spelled Akhenaton, Ikhnaton, Echnaton, or Khuenaten), and he is believed to have passed away in either 1336 or 1334 BC. We cannot be fully certain of his date of death, as the record is unclear during this period, but it is believed that his death occured in the 1330s BC.
What pandemic spread throughout Europe in the middle ages?
The Bubonic PlagueIn the early 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China. The bubonic plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people. Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly. Plague causes fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes, which is how it gets its name. The disease also causes spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black.Since China was one of the busiest of the world's trading nations, it was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China spread to western Asia and Europe. In October of 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in Sicily, many of those on board were already dying of plague. Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside.By the following August, the plague had spread as far north as England, where people called it "The Black Death" because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe, and Medieval medicine had nothing to combat it.In winter the disease seemed to disappear, but only because fleas--which were now helping to carry it from person to person--are dormant then. Each spring, the plague attacked again, killing new victims. After five years 25 million people were dead--one-third of Europe's people.Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plague's return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s.Medieval society never recovered from the results of the plague. So many people had died that there were serious labor shortages all over Europe. This led workers to demand higher wages, but landlords refused those demands. By the end of the 1300s peasant revolts broke out in England, France, Belgium and Italy.The disease took its toll on the church as well. People throughout Christendom had prayed devoutly for deliverance from the plague. Why hadn't those prayers been answered? A new period of political turmoil and philosophical questioning lay ahead.
How did black plague start?
How did the black death spread?Because Europe was trading with the East, some medieval Europeans were aware of a mysterious disease sweeping through Asia in the 1330s. From Central Asia, the disease moved along an established trade route, passing through Turkestan and the Black Sea Region (Crimea and the Byzantine Empire).In 1347, Kaffa, a town in modern-day Ukraine that was a Genoese trading post, came under attack by a Tartar army. When the Tartars were killed by the plague, the Genoese at first rejoiced: God had answered their prayers and punished their enemy. But that celebration ended when the Tartars began launching the corpses of plague victims over the walls of the city, hoping that the smell of rot would kill everyone in town. The smell didn't kill the Genoese, of course, but the disease did. The panicked Genoese threw the corpses back or submerged them in water. But it was no use; they were already exposed. As the dying Tartars retreated, the Genoese fled by ship to Sicily, taking the deadly disease with them to Europe.Kaffa wasn't the only eastern trading port on the Black Death's path, but Genoa's ships took the blame for bringing the pestilence. Once it hit Europe, the Black Death moved fast, traveling at an average speed of 2.5 miles per day (4 km per day) [source: Duncan, Scott]. From the Mediterranean ports, the disease took two paths; one through France that eventually made its way to England and Ireland, and one through Italy that went to Austria and Germany. The Black Death moved through Europe astonishingly fast. Take a look at some of the stops on its path.Written accounts state that the disease was frightfully contagious, and that death occurred only a few days after symptoms appeared. Other than this, people seemed to have no idea what was happening. Many felt that God's wrath was ravaging the earth and that the end of the world was near. Some theorized that Jews were contaminating the water supply. Both of these ideas spurred extreme responses that we'll explore in the next section.When people began dying in France, King Philip VI turned to the Paris College of Physicians, the most highly-regarded medical authorities of the time, to learn the cause. The physicians produced a report that blamed the mass deaths on an event that occurred at 1 p.m. on March 20, 1345 -- the triple conjunction of the planets Saturn, Jupiter and Mars in Aquarius. The report explained that Jupiter, a wet and hot planet, soaked up evil vapors from Earth. And Mars, a dry planet, ignited the vapors and spread them through the air, which is how Europe got enveloped in a fog of death.many believe that it started in China. Mongol army camps were the first sites.
What is the major events in Singapore's history?
Before 180010,000 B.C. - Early Chinese account of Singapore describes the island of "Pu Luo Chung".13th century - The port of Temasek is founded by Sang Nila Utama, a prince of Srivijaya.1320 - The Mongol court sends a mission to obtain elephants from Long Ya Men (or Dragon's Tooth Strait), believed to be Keppel Harbour.1330s - The Chinese traveller Wang Dayuan visits Temasek.1390s - Parameswara, the last Srivijayan prince, flees to Temasek.1414 - Temasek becomes part of the Sultanate of Malacca established by Parameswara.1511 - Temasek becomes part of Sultanate of Johor after Malacca fell to the Portuguese.1613 - Portuguese burn down a trading outpost at the mouth of Singapore River.1 7001800-18991819 - 29 January - Stamford Raffles arrives in Singapore with William Farquhar to establish a trading post for the British East India Company.1819 - 6 February - The treaty is signed between Sultan Hussein of Johor, Temenggong Abdul Rahman and Stamford Raffles. Farquhar is installed as Resident of the settlement.1822 - Raffles drafts the Raffles Plan of Singapore to reorganise the island.1823 - Dr John Crawfurd takes over as Resident.1826 - Singapore becomes part of the British colony of Straits Settlements under the rule of the East India Company, together with Malacca and Penang.1830 - Singapore comes under the Presidency of Bengal in India.1832 - Singapore becomes the centre of government of the Straits Settlements.1842 - St. Margaret's Girls School is founded by Maria Tarn Dyer, the first and oldest all girls' school in Singapore1843 - Thomas Dunman, the first full-time police chief of Singapore, improves the police force as well as the pay and working hours of policemen.1844 - The Tan Tock Seng Hospital begins operation.1844 - 4 March - Raffles Girls' School is established.1845 - The Straits Times is established.1852 - A new deep harbour called New Harbour, later known as Keppel Harbour, is built. St Joseph's Institution [as St John's Institution] established.1858 - Singapore is placed under the hierarchy of the Government of India, remaining as part of the Straits Settlements.1858 - Commercial Square is renamed Raffles Place.1859 - The Singapore Botanic Gardens is founded.1867 - 1 April - Straits Settlements become a crown colony of British Empire.1869 - The Suez Canal opens, and Singapore enjoys the increase in trade1877 - The Chinese Protectorate is set up, and William Pickering becomes the head of it.1885 - Gan Eng Seng School was established at Telok Ayer Street1886 - Anglo-Chinese School established.1887 - Methodist Girls' School established.1887 - The Raffles Hotel is built.1888 - Henry Ridley becomes the director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.1888 - The Singapore Fire Brigade was formed.1892 - The Tanjong Pagar Police Station opens, and many Sikh policemen are recruited.1899 - Singapore Chinese Girls' School1900-19391906 - The Nanyang branch of Tongmenghui is set up in Singapore.1906 - Tao Nan School established by the Hokkien Huay Kuan.1912 - The Singapore Harbour Board is set up.1915 - 15-25 February - The Singapore Mutiny occurred as British Muslim Indian sepoys rose up against the British.1917 - Nanyang Girls' High School was established by Tan Chor Nam , partially due to Dr Sun Yat Sen's belief in education for girls.1919 - The Chinese High School established by Tan Kah Kee.1922 - Singapore becomes the main British naval base in East Asia.1932 - Tanjong Pagar Railway Station is opened.1935 - Catholic High School, the first bicultural and bilingual school in Singapore, was founded.1937 - 12 June - Kallang Airport is opened.1940s1941 - 7/8 December - In an extensive three-pronged attack, Japan opens hostilities with the Allies and their colonies. First air raid on Singapore at 4:15 am. The Imperial Japanese Army invades Malaya.1941 - 10 December - The British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse are sunk by Japanese bombers.1941 - 31 December - The Straits Chinese Volunteer Corps (Dalforce) is set up in Singapore, led by Tan Kah Kee.1942 - 1 January - Second air raid on Singapore at night, after a three-week hiatus. Nightly raids commence thereafter.1942 - 12 January - First daylight air raid on Singapore. Henceforth, the island is bombed both day and night, everyday.1942 - 31 January - Malaya falls to the Japanese and the Causeway is blown up to delay Japan's advancement to Singapore.1942 - 1 February - The siege of Singapore begins. The Japanese in Johor Bahru begin shelling the island daily in addition to daily aerial bombing.1942 - 9 February - The Japanese cross the Strait of Johor by inflatable boats and land in Singapore during the Battle of Singapore.1942 - 11 February - The Japanese and Allied soldiers fight fiercely at Bukit Timah.1942 - 13 February - The Malay regiment, led by Lt. Adnan bin Saidi, fight bravely against the Japanese at Pasir Panjang Ridge in the Battle of Pasir Panjang.1942 - 14 February - The Japanese have captured most of Singapore, and most of the population is crammed into the city centre.1942 - 15 February - The British surrenders and the Japanese Occupation of Singapore starts. Singapore is renamed Syonan (Light of the South).1942 - February/March - The Japanese military police, the Kempei Tai kills an estimated 25,000 to 50,000 people during Sook Ching Massacre.1944 - March - Lim Bo Seng is captured by the Japanese, and dies after 3 months of torture.1945 - 14 August Japan surrenders, and there is anomie and looting for nearly a month when the British do not return immediately.1945 - 5 September - The British return to Singapore after the end of World War II and begin a military administration of the Straits Settlements.1946 - 1 April - The Straits Settlements is dissolved and Singapore becomes a separate crown colony.1947 - May - Severe food shortage leads to record-low rice ration, causing malnutrition, disease and outbreak of crime and violence.1947 - A large number of strikes occur causing stoppages in public transport, public services and the harbour.1948 - Rubber plantations and tin mines in Malaya are destroyed by communists, and the British declares the state of Emergency over Singapore and Malaya.1948 - 20 March - Singapore's first limited election is held, with 6 seats in the Legislative Council. The Singapore Progressive Party wins 3 seats.1948 - 18 June - Malayan Emergency begins, Singapore declared a State of Emergency a week later.1949 - The University of Malaya is formed following the merger of Raffles College and King Edward Medical College.1950s1950 - 11-13 December - 18 people are killed during the Maria Hertogh riots.1951 - The number of elected seats is increased to 9 in the second election.1953 - Rendel Commission is appointed to make recommendations for Singapore's self-government.1954 - May - Chinese school students demonstrate against the British due to the National Service proposal. See Anti-National Service Riots1955 - 12 May - Four people are killed during the Hock Lee bus riots.1955 - 2 April - The Labour Front wins the most seats in election and David Saul Marshall becomes the first Chief Minister of Singapore.1956 - June - David Saul Marshall appeals to the United Kingdom for full self-government, but resigns when he fails. Lim Yew Hock takes over as Chief Minister.1956 - October - Riots by pro-communist Chinese school students occur when government closes down a student union.1956 - - River Valley High School, Singapore (formally known as Singapore Government Chinese Middle School), became the first Chinese secondary school established by the government.1959 - March - Lim Yew Hock successfully gains full self-government for Singapore.1959 - May - People's Action Party (PAP) wins the General Election and Lee Kuan Yew becomes the first Prime Minister.1959 - Encik Yusof bin Ishak becomes the Head of State of Singapore.1959 - 3 June - A celebration is held at the Padang for Singapore gaining full self-government.1959 - 3 December - The national anthem Majulah Singapura, written by Zubir Said, is presented.1960s1960 - The Housing and Development Board is set up.1961 - 25 May - The Bukit Ho Swee Fire kills four people and destroys 2,200 attap houses.1961 - 27 May - Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Prime Minister of Malaya, proposes a merger between Singapore, Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak.1962 - 1 September - A referendum is held in Singapore to vote on merger with Malaysia.1963 - February - During Operation Coldstore, 107 left-wing politicians and trade unionists are arrested by Internal Security Department1963 - 9 July - The Malaysia Agreement is signed between leaders of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak.1963 - 31 August - In this Malaysia Solidarity Day, Lee Kuan Yew declares the Independence for Singapore.1963 - 16 September - Malaysia is formed. Indonesia carries out its konfrontasi campaign.1963 - 21 September - The PAP wins the 1963 State Elections, defeating the Barisan Sosialis and UMNO.1964 - The PAP wins one seat in the Malaysian Federal Election. UMNO is outraged.1964 - 21 July - There is an ethnic riot between various Malays and Chinese, on Prophet Muhammad's birthday, 23 people are killed.1965 - 10 March - Indonesian saboteurs carry out the MacDonald House bombing, killing three people.1965 - May - Lee Kuan Yew begins campaigning for a Malaysian Malaysia1965 - 7 August - Singapore and Malaysia sign the separation agreement.1965 - 9 August - The Malaysian Parliament votes to expel Singapore from the Federation; Singapore becomes independent after separating from Malaysia.1965 - 21 September - Singapore is admitted into the United Nations as the 117th member.1965 - October - Singapore becomes the 22nd member of the Commonwealth.1965 - 22 December - Constitutional Amendment Act is passed and Yusof bin Ishak becomes the first President of Singapore.1967 - 15 February - The Civilian Memorial is unveiled at the Kranji War Cemetery1967 - 14 March - The National Service bill is passed in the parliament.1967 - 28 March - Registrations for national service begins at the Central Manpower Base.1967 - 12 June - The issue of the first Singapore Dollar.1967 - July - The first batch of the army is drafted for national service.1967 - 8 August- Singapore is the founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).1968 - January - Britain announces its intention to withdraw its armed forces from Singapore.1968 - April - The PAP wins all seats in the 1968 General Election, which is boycotted by Barisan Sosialis.1969 - 31 May - The 1969 Race Riots of Singapore broke out after growing tension of the 13 May Incident in Malaysia spilled over to Singapore.1970s1970 - May - The National Junior College, Singapore's first junior college, opens.1971 - 2 January - Dr Benjamin Henry Sheares becomes the second President of Singapore.1971 - 31 October - The last British military forces withdraws from Singapore.1972 - 2 September - The PAP wins the 1972 General Election.1972 - The Singapore Airlines is formed.1973 - The first Chingay Parade is held in Singapore.1973 - The construction of the National Stadium is completed.1973 - The Presidential Council for Minority Rights is set up to ensure minority would not be discriminated.1974 - Hwa Chong Junior College, Singapore's first government-aided junior college and the premiere institution of the nation, was established.1974 - 31 January - Laju incident: Japanese Red Army bombs petroleum tanks at Pulau Bukom and hijacks a ferry boat.1976 - The PAP wins all 69 seats in the 1976 General Election.1978 - 12 October - Spyros disaster1979 - Singapore becomes the world's second busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage.1980s1980 - The PAP wins all 75 seats in the 1980 General Election.1981 - 1 July - Singapore Changi Airport starts operation.1981 - 24 October - C V Devan Nair becomes the third President of Singapore.1981 - 31 October - Workers' Party of Singapore's Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam elected into Parliament, breaking a 16 years PAP monopoly of the House.1982 - The Courtesy Campaign and the Civil Defence Programme are launched.1983 - 29 January - Eniwetok, a Panamanian-registered oil rig, hits the Singapore Cable Car system, sending two cabins plunging into the sea and killing seven people.1984 - The PAP wins the 1984 General Election while two members of the opposition parties are elected as members of parliament. Three PAP women MPs are also elected, ending a 16 years absence of women representation in Parliament.1984 - Non-Constituency Member of Parliament was introduced.1985 - 2 September - Wee Kim Wee becomes the fourth President of Singapore.1986 - 15 March - The Hotel New World collapses, killing 33 people.1987 - 21 May - 16 people were arrested during Operation Spectrum and detained under the Internal Security Act. Another six were arrested on 20 June.1988 - 3 September - The PAP wins the 1988 General Election and group representation constituencies (GRC)s are introduced.1990s1990 - 6 July - The East West Line of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is completed.1990 - 22 November - Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 begins operation.1990 - 28 November - Goh Chok Tong becomes the second Prime Minister of Singapore.1991 - 26 March - Four Pakistanis hijack Singapore Airlines Flight 117 and demand the release of Pakistan Peoples Party members from Pakistani jails.1991 - 27 March - Members of the Singapore Special Operations Force storm into Singapore Airlines Flight 117, killing all hijackers and freeing all passengers and crew members.1993 - 1 September - Ong Teng Cheong becomes the first directly-elected President.1994 - 5 May - American teenager Michael P. Fay is convicted and caned for vandalism.1996 - The parliament passes the Maintenance of Parents law, a private member's bill introduced by Nominated Member of Parliament Woon Cheong Ming Walter.1997 - 19 December - Silkair Flight 185 crashes into Musi River near Palembang, Sumatra, killing all 104 people onboard.1998 - 15 January - Singapore and United States announces agreement for US ships to use a planned $35 million naval base from 2000.1998 - September - "The Singapore Story", the first volume of Lee Kuan Yew's memoirs is published1999 - Sellapan Ramanathan becomes the President of Singapore1999 - Singapore slips into recession during the Asian financial crisis.2000s2000 - 1 September - Speaker's Corner is launched at Hong Lim Park2000 - 31 October - Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashes during take-off in Chiang Kai Shek International Airport, killing 83 people.2001-2003 - Economic recession in Singapore.2001 - January - A pipeline feeding gas to Singapore from Indonesia's Natuna field in South China Sea opens.2001 - 3 November - The PAP wins 82 of 84 seats in the 2001 General Election.2001 - 9 December - 15 suspected militants of Jemaah Islamiah are arrested for alleged bomb plot.2001 - 27 December - Typhoon Vamei, a rare typhoon that occurs only once in 100 to 400 years, hits Singapore.2002 - 13 January - Singapore and Japan sign the Japan-Singapore Economic Agreement.2003 - April - SARS virus outbreak in Singapore and other parts of Asia.2003 - 6 May - Singapore and United States sign the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (USS-FTA).2003 - 29 October - A major research center Biopolis opens.2004 - 20 April - A section of Nicoll Highway collapses, killing 4 people.2004 - National Service was reduced from two and half years to two years.2004 - 12 August - Lee Hsien Loong, Lee Kuan Yew's Son becomes the third Prime Minister.2005 - 15 January - Singapore and Malaysia settle dispute over land reclamation work.2005 - 18 April - Singapore government approves plan to legalise casino gambling and build two Integrated Resorts.2005 - 8 July - In the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 - London bombings, Transport Minister Yeo Cheow Tong announces plan to set up a new Police MRT Unit to enhance the security of Singapore's public transport. (CNA)2005 - 17 August - S R Nathan returns for his second term as President, following a walkover in the Singapore presidential election, 2005.2005 - 27 August - White Elephant Incident at Buangkok MRT Station.2006 - 6 May - The PAP, led by Lee Hsien Loong, wins 82 of 84 seats in the General Election.2008 - 9 January - Singapore Changi Airport opens its third passenger terminal.2008 - 21 March - Jemiah Islamiah terrorist head Mas Selamat bin Kastari escapes from prison.2008 - September- Singapore slips into recession due to the global financial crisis. World economies hit badly; banks around the world collapse.2008 - 16 October - Singapore government guarantees all local and foreign currency fixed deposits with a $ 150 billion pool for that in view of the financial crisis, joining governments around the world in doing so.
What two dramatic events occurred in Britain in the 1330s and 1340s?
edward the black prince was born and he was very important but everyone was scared of him
Who was the king or queen of Britain in the 1330s?
England and Scotland were separate countries in the 14th century, so there was no King or Queen of Britain. The House of Plantagenet ruled England at the time and the King of England in the 1330's was Edward III who ruled from 1327 - 1377.
How did people enjoy themselves in the 1330s?
chesscheckersbackgammonfoot raceshorse races ( for nobility)wrestlingthrowing contestsdice gamesgamblingdancedrinkinghuntingarchery contestsfalconry ( for nobility)passion plays put on by churchMorePlease see the link to the related question below
Was Homer friends with Achilles?
No. As Homer (possibly not even one person) was the author* of The Iliad and Achilles is a character in the poem (or if he was a real person, his character would have probably been sourced from many different people and exaggerated.. The Iliad was written down by Homer in the 8th Century BCE (although Homer's birth date is disputed) and the fall of Troy is told to have been around the dates of 1330s-1130s BCE. *Homer is credited as being the author of the Iliad, when in fact he only wrote it down. He did not make up the story, it had been around for years before Homer.
When did King Tutankhamuns dad die?
King Tutankhamun's father was named Akhenaten (also spelled Akhenaton, Ikhnaton, Echnaton, or Khuenaten), and he is believed to have passed away in either 1336 or 1334 BC. We cannot be fully certain of his date of death, as the record is unclear during this period, but it is believed that his death occured in the 1330s BC.
How did black death come to Britain in 1348?
There was a galley that came from a country with black death. all the sailors had black death when they reached England. the sailors died on the spot. it started to spread in the air and the fleas collected the disease first and started to bit people as well as rats. they sent the galleys back but it was too late. the plague had entered England.
The black death different responses christian and Muslim?
Answer 1Both Christians and Muslims are human irrelevant to their beliefs. They both understood that it is a terrible widespread disease and prayed God to save them.Answer 2I do not know much about the Muslim explanation, and in any case the plague probably affected the Christian world far more because of urban overcrowding, incredibly unsanitary conditions and persistent malnutrition even at times of good harvests.Robert A. Scott (Miracle Cures) says that ordinary people in Europe had been told that the plague was God's revenge for their sins and that to stop the Black Death they needed to confess them fully. Christians owned up out of fear of continuing divine vengeance, but no matter how hard they prayed and how often they confessed, the deaths continued. In the end they lost confidence in the explanations the priests had given them for the plague.Answer 3The primary group of Muslims affected by the Black Death were the Middle Easterners of Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia. The Arabian and Sahara deserts served as effective buffers for the disease which cannot sustain desert heat and cannot spread well in disconnected rural areas. The Mesopotamians saw it as Divine Punishment for having accepted the Mongol Ilkhanate, since the Abbassid Caliphate capitulated to the Ilkhanate less than a generation before the arrival of the disease. This led to a number of local uprisings and the eventual fracturing of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s. In the Levant and Anatolia, reactions were similar to those in Europe, people sought out spiritual leaders for the answer to why they were afflicted and prayed to God for it to abate. Admittedly, the percentage of Middle Easterners who were affected and died was much smaller than the Europeans because the Middle East was not densely populated and the cities were typically cleaner and drier. This meant that the pandemonium that occurred in Europe, especially the persecution of minorities (like Jews and Roma) for having "caused the disease", did not occur or occurred more rarely than in Europe.Nobody at that time period had even an inkling of an idea about the current scientific explanations for the Black Death.
What REAL cures were there for the Black Death?
so first of all the story of plague is:In the early 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China. The bubonic plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people. Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly. Plague causes fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes, which is how it gets its name. The disease also causes spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black.Since China was one of the busiest of the world's trading nations, it was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China spread to western Asia and Europe. In October of 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in Sicily, many of those on board were already dying of plague.By the following August, the plague had spread as far north as England, where people called it "The Black Death" because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe, and medieval medicine had nothing to combat it.In winter the disease seemed to disappear, but only because fleas--which were now helping to carry it from person to person--are dormant then. Each spring, the plague attacked again, killing new victims. After five years 25 million people were dead--one-third of Europe's people.Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plague's return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s.Medieval society never recovered from the results of the plague. So many people had died that there were serious labor shortages all over Europe. This led workers to demand higher wages, but landlords refused those demands. By the end of the 1300s peasant revolts broke out in England, France, Belgium and Italy.
What pandemic spread throughout Europe in the middle ages?
The Bubonic PlagueIn the early 1330s an outbreak of deadly bubonic plague occurred in China. The bubonic plague mainly affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to people. Once people are infected, they infect others very rapidly. Plague causes fever and a painful swelling of the lymph glands called buboes, which is how it gets its name. The disease also causes spots on the skin that are red at first and then turn black.Since China was one of the busiest of the world's trading nations, it was only a matter of time before the outbreak of plague in China spread to western Asia and Europe. In October of 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. When the ships docked in Sicily, many of those on board were already dying of plague. Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside.By the following August, the plague had spread as far north as England, where people called it "The Black Death" because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe, and Medieval medicine had nothing to combat it.In winter the disease seemed to disappear, but only because fleas--which were now helping to carry it from person to person--are dormant then. Each spring, the plague attacked again, killing new victims. After five years 25 million people were dead--one-third of Europe's people.Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plague's return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s.Medieval society never recovered from the results of the plague. So many people had died that there were serious labor shortages all over Europe. This led workers to demand higher wages, but landlords refused those demands. By the end of the 1300s peasant revolts broke out in England, France, Belgium and Italy.The disease took its toll on the church as well. People throughout Christendom had prayed devoutly for deliverance from the plague. Why hadn't those prayers been answered? A new period of political turmoil and philosophical questioning lay ahead.
How did black plague start?
How did the black death spread?Because Europe was trading with the East, some medieval Europeans were aware of a mysterious disease sweeping through Asia in the 1330s. From Central Asia, the disease moved along an established trade route, passing through Turkestan and the Black Sea Region (Crimea and the Byzantine Empire).In 1347, Kaffa, a town in modern-day Ukraine that was a Genoese trading post, came under attack by a Tartar army. When the Tartars were killed by the plague, the Genoese at first rejoiced: God had answered their prayers and punished their enemy. But that celebration ended when the Tartars began launching the corpses of plague victims over the walls of the city, hoping that the smell of rot would kill everyone in town. The smell didn't kill the Genoese, of course, but the disease did. The panicked Genoese threw the corpses back or submerged them in water. But it was no use; they were already exposed. As the dying Tartars retreated, the Genoese fled by ship to Sicily, taking the deadly disease with them to Europe.Kaffa wasn't the only eastern trading port on the Black Death's path, but Genoa's ships took the blame for bringing the pestilence. Once it hit Europe, the Black Death moved fast, traveling at an average speed of 2.5 miles per day (4 km per day) [source: Duncan, Scott]. From the Mediterranean ports, the disease took two paths; one through France that eventually made its way to England and Ireland, and one through Italy that went to Austria and Germany. The Black Death moved through Europe astonishingly fast. Take a look at some of the stops on its path.Written accounts state that the disease was frightfully contagious, and that death occurred only a few days after symptoms appeared. Other than this, people seemed to have no idea what was happening. Many felt that God's wrath was ravaging the earth and that the end of the world was near. Some theorized that Jews were contaminating the water supply. Both of these ideas spurred extreme responses that we'll explore in the next section.When people began dying in France, King Philip VI turned to the Paris College of Physicians, the most highly-regarded medical authorities of the time, to learn the cause. The physicians produced a report that blamed the mass deaths on an event that occurred at 1 p.m. on March 20, 1345 -- the triple conjunction of the planets Saturn, Jupiter and Mars in Aquarius. The report explained that Jupiter, a wet and hot planet, soaked up evil vapors from Earth. And Mars, a dry planet, ignited the vapors and spread them through the air, which is how Europe got enveloped in a fog of death.many believe that it started in China. Mongol army camps were the first sites.
Where did the bubonic plague first occur?
The Bubonic Plague originated in China. It was spread by the fleas carried by rats going aboard ships and they were transported to Italy, Greece and France, when the rats left the ships entering cities and gave us the Bubonic Plague. The Pneumonic Plague was spread by humans breathing in infected people's germs, this type of Plague was more deadly, but it would have been the same symptoms.
Do the doctors have any idea of what caused the Black Death?
The Black Death was characterized by buboes (swellings in lymph nodes), like the late 18th century Asian bubonic plague. Scientists and historians at the beginning of the 20th century assumed that the Black Death was an outbreak of the same disease, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas with the help of animals like the black rat (Rattus rattus). Once infected by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, it is estimated that victims would die within 60-180 days. However, this view has recently been questioned by some scientists and historians, and some researchers believe that the illness was, in fact, a viral hemorrhagic fever based on epidemiological interpretation of historical records of the spread of disease.Some historians believe the pandemic began in China or Central Asia (one such location is Lake Issyk Kul) in the lungs of the bobac variety of marmot, spreading to fleas, to rats, and eventually to humans. In the late 1320s or 1330s, merchants and soldiers carried it over the caravan routes until in 1346 it reached the Crimea in South Eastern Europe. Other scholars believe the plague was endemic in that area. In either case, from Crimea the plague spread to Western Europe and North Africa during the 1340s. The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 million people, approximately 25-50 million of which occurred in Europe. The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population. It may have reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in 1400.The plague is thought to have returned every generation with varying virulence and mortality until the 1700s. During this period, more than 100 plague epidemics swept across Europe. On its return in 1603, the plague killed 38,000 Londoners. Other notable seventeenth century outbreaks were the Italian Plague of 1629-1631, and the Great Plague of Seville (1647-1652), the Great Plague of London (1665-1666), and the Great Plague of Vienna (1679). There is some controversy over the identity of the disease, but in its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720-1722, the Great Plague of 1738 (which hit eastern Europe), and the Russian plague of 1770-1772, it seems to have disappeared from Europe in the 19th century.
