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The creation of crust at the mid-oceanic ridges.
NEW (BETTER!) ANSWER Physics endeavors to understand the workings of (inanimate) nature and natural processes in a fundamental and unified way. The keywords 'fundamental' and 'unified' distinguish it from other studies, such as chemistry, biology, empiricism, heuristics, hand waving, palm reading, astrology and witchcraft. OLD ANSWER: [ Physics is the study of matter and energy and the interaction between them. Physicists study such subjects as gravity light and time. Compared to other physical sciences which are Chemistry and Astronomy physics focuses more on matter. Hope I Helped! ]
Francis Drake :)
Hypotheses can never be totally proven because only portions of populations are used to test them. There are many variables making it likely that results will not always be the same. However, tests with positive outcomes can strongly infer the likelihood that their hypotheses are correct.
Nothing has been proven, but there are theories.
Alchemy was a pseudo-science that eventually evolved into modern Chemistry, which was simply found and proven to be more right.
Alchemy has been proven not to work. It is sheer fiction.
Pseudoscience is a claim, belief, or practice which is presented as scientific, but does not adhere to a valid scientific method, lacks supporting evidence or plausibility, cannot be reliably tested, or otherwise lacks scientific status. Alchemy in ancient times became what is known as chemistry in modern times. Since most of the principles can't be proven, it became a pseudoscience.
Alchemists study and practice Alchemy which is considered a protoscience. While Alchemists are real people with a real purpose, the field they practice has not been proven real, as yet, by scientific protocol. Using a loose definition, you could call chemists modern alchemists. But there were real alchemists who's main goal was to change one substance into another, usually this a cheap metal, like lead, into gold. Though the methods were primitive, the concepts are considered important work towards modern chemistry.
Alchemy is generally understood to be the chemical science that predated chemistry. In the modern era, it is generally assessed to be a primitive science centered around men obsessed with a dream of turning lead in to gold. However, alchemy was actually quite similar to chemistry in a number of aspects; and many of the greatest minds in history were alchemists. Isaac Newton, considered to be the father of physics, and Robert Boyle, considered to be the father of chemistry were two prominent alchemists. Alchemy itself is often described as a combination of chemistry and philosophy. To elaborate, they used observation, logical deduction and experimentation in an attempt to understand the world around them. Though they weren't always right, they did lay the foundation for future scientists. Alchemy, like its modern counterpart focused a good deal on the separation and combining of chemicals; which they termed "transmutation". However, they didn't understand the distinction between molecules and atoms as we now do, so they weren't aware that you can't change the structure of an atom as you can with a molecule. Because of this, they believed they could also transmute base materials, such as lead, iron and mercury in to "noble" metals, such as gold, silver and platinum. A number of alchemists became obsessed with this idea, as it was a quick way to get rich if it could be achieved; and because of this, alchemy became associated with that goal. The substance by which they believed they could turn common metals in to noble ones was known as the Philosophers' Stone. Transmutation on an atomic level has been proven possible, but aside from radioactive decay experienced by elements such as uranium, it takes too much energy for transmuting gold to be a viable source of wealth. Alchemists were also medicine men. Many doctors of the era were alchemists. In fact, you can thank the alchemist Paracelsus for a number of modern medicines. He was one of the first scientists to suggest therapy using different chemicals. Though his prescribed cures weren't always helpful, he did lay the foundation for the medicine we use today. Many alchemists, including Paracelsus were searching for a "panacea", or "cure all", which they called the Elixir of Longevity. Because it could cure any ailment, it could make the user virtually immortal; thus the name. To surmise, alchemy was a very imaginative science. Though many of its theories were wrong in comparison to modern knowledge, it did lay the foundation for modern chemistry and medicine.
As far as I am aware of a literature value is a known value, that has been proven and does not change.
Not that modern science has proven.
Theories can be proven not problems. Problems are solvable or not.
The science of alchemy has been proven false through years of experimentation. In short, you cannot simply create something if you don't have the right materials to do so. You can't just get a sack of dirt and expect it to become a lovely wedding cake.
Yes She Does Has Been Proven
Chemistry is primarily focused with the study of chemicals and how they react with one another, as well as how to create new chemicals through these reactions. Alchemy is a somewhat broader subject. It has often been described as a combination of chemistry and philosophy. Alchemists research was also centered around chemicals, but they also incorporated other subjects, such as religion, physics, metaphysics, art, geometry, and dozens of other fields of research. Because of its various esoteric fields, it is often considered a mystical science, and this is one of the reasons it has become so discredited. Also, alchemists searched for a number of objects that have been deemed an impossibility by modern scientists. Two of the most famous being the Philosophers' Stone, and the Elixir of Longevity. The Elixir of Longevity was a name for the panacea. A substance that could cure any ailment, making the user virtually immortal. The Philosophers' Stone was a substance alchemists believed could transmute common metals in to "noble" metals; one of the favored examples being the ability to turn lead or iron in to gold or silver. However, transmutation has been proven possible in the modern era; but aside from natural radioactive decay, turning other metals in to gold takes far too much energy to be a feasible means of attaining wealth.
No. It cannot be scientifically proven. Also it cannot be scientifically disproved.Yes, it is possible through meditation. Every living organism has an Aura, and this can be observed and measured using Krilian photography. In Alchemy, there are two distinct flows of universal energy as Underground flow and the Celestial flow.In modern science, it is an accepted fact that there is a form of energy that exists, but cannot be comprehended by Science, and Gray matter that is also invisible to Science. But Modern Scientists accept the fact that there is something out there that they cannot comprehend in terms of science.