Answer
Good and Bad
If by system you mean society, police & Government are 2 types of authority.
Moral authority refers to the perceived credibility and righteous influence a person or entity holds in matters of right and wrong. It is the ability to guide or persuade others based on a strong sense of ethics, integrity, and principles.
a quality is a trait about a person that is good and a moral is something to learn
Well, it depends on where the moral authority comes from... and whether you agree with it or not. You might call it different things, depending on those or other factors. Could be a Theocracy if the moral authority was religious... a dictatorship if it was one person making the moral calls. Democracy if the moral calls are made by everyone voting... etc. I don't think there is a separate word that means exactly that.
Traditional authority,legal authority,and autocratic authority.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, preconventional moral reasoning is guided mostly by compliance with authority due to the fact that authority figures give rewards and punishments.
Moral values demonstrate how much we value each other as a society. Types of moral values are loyalty, trustworthiness, friendly, helpful, and courteous.
a pastor, elder, the BIBLE
All of them, because it is unclear and people are limited.
Japan
Characters in the Prologue, like the Knight, the Parson, and the Prioress, could be compared to modern archetypes such as the soldier, the moral authority figure, and the devout religious individual. These modern character types share similar qualities of nobility, virtue, and faith.
coercive authoritysacred authoritydelegated authorityinstrumental authority