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Primarily Holland, Portugal and France; for example Vietnam was french territory until their defeat by the vietnemese at the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 (leading to the start of the Vietnam war). Various islands in the pacific are still french and dutch territory (although most were transferred to US control), for example, the Marianas. Britain made inroads into Asia and of course colonised India, and subjugated china (see 'Boxer Rebellion') but mostly it was the aforementioned three. It should be noted that Asia was a damn sight more capable at resisting colonisation than Africa (only one African country has never been part of a colony, or under European rule/control)

Because Africa was loaded with Natural Resources and the Europeans wanted to take advantage of that.

Britain, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Greece (in ancient times), Rome (in ancient times). Possibly others.

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Q: What European countries colonized Asia?
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What inference can you draw from the political boundaries that were created by the European countries that colonized Southeast Asia?

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