There is no scientific measurement for how "fast" an operating system is. You can only compare things like:
1. How fast an operating system boots. The fastest booting desktop distro is probably Mach Boot.
2. How much or how little RAM / processor power the system needs to run. The desktop distro with the lowest system requirements is probably Damn Small Linux.
3. How little space it requires. Tiny Core Linux requires only 10 MB for a very basic desktop system
4. The desktop that can best take advantage of hardware, such as video cards. Foresight Linux is designed to show off the latest Linux desktop environments, all with flashy effects and stuff.
I don't think so.
Whichever distro you're most comfortable with.
Linux Mint to learn. Ubuntu for gamers/programmers & Kali Linux for penetration testers and hackers.
quicker answer is which linux distro does not work? Pretty much all will work
That depends on what steps you used in the installation program.
"Types" of Linux are Called Linux Distributions. Linux by itself is only a kernel, you need more than that for a full system, to get this, distro's were develpoed to include all of this to make a Linux system easier to install. Popular Distro's Are Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, RHEL, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, OpenSUSE, etc, you can find more at distrowatch
Debian, Ubuntu, RedHat, Suse, ...
Linux can run with virtually any hardware configuration, but it is best to check the system requirements for your Linux distro.
You cannot install linux on a Chromebook, you can only run it as a chroot.
As 'Linux' is actually the Linux Kernel and a bunch of other tools packaged together as a distro, this will depend on the distro you use. For example, Red Hat Linux uses a file called ks.cfg (known as kickstart) which contains information for it's installer system called Anaconda.
A Linux distribution, known as distro or flavor, is an operating system that uses the Linux Kernel. I think the most common one is Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is a "distro" of the Linux operating system.