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Up to 60 percent of all medicines today exert their effects by influencing what structures in the cell membrane?
Receptor proteins.
What nutrient are made up of amino acids?
Proteins. Proteins.
The constricted region holding two chromatids together is called a histone?
Sounds more like a centromere. Histones are proteins which are responsible for coiling the DNA up tightly.
What do proteins and ribosomes make?
tRNAThey are made up of proteins and rRNA. rRna are ribosomal RNA
What is the structure of receptor proteins?
Receptors are plasma membrane proteins that bind specific molecules, e.g., growth factors, hormones, or neurotransmitters, and then transmit a signal to the cell's interior that causes the cell to respond ina aspecific manner, a process called signal transduction cascade.There are several types of receptor proteins grouped in families of transmembrane proteins. For some families of important membrane proteins, e.g., ion channel proteins, the hydropathy plots (those that help to predict the hydrophobic regions of a membrane protein according to its amino acid sequence and hydropathic index) is often not very reliable because that the membrane-spanning regions of these proteins from channels in the membrane while on the other hand they need hydrophilic residues to line the surface of the channels in contact with the aqueous phase. These are the most important and most well-known receptor-protein families:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases. Known as RPTKs, are type I transmembrane proteins, with their N-termini outside of the cell and single membrane-spanning regions. The structural features that are the transmembrane domain that divides the molecule into a ligand-binding domain and a cytoplasmic domain that contains a conserved protein kinase catalytic domain. On the outside, the N-terminal end, RPTK has a signal peptide that ensures that the protein will be targeted to the secretory pathway. This is followed by an extracellular domain of several hundred amino acids that contain N-linked glycosilation sites, a distintive pattern of cysteine residues, and often a characteristic array of structural motifs. The transmembrane domain consists of about 24 hydrophobic residues that are usually succeeded by several basic residues that function as a stop-transfer signal. On the cytoplasmic side of the membrane there is a juxtamembrane region, usually of around 50 residues long, and which in some cases is known to have important regulatory functions. Next follows the catalytic domain, which is related to the catalytic domains of the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases and the protein-serine/threonine kinases, and is about 250 residues in length, excluding inserts. The phospho-transfer function lies entirely whithin this region. The region C-terminal to the catalytic domain is of variable length and can be up to 200 residues. The functions of this C-terminal tail vary among members of the RPTKs. Exmaples of this kind of receptors are: EGFR (Epidermial Growth Factor Receptor), PDGFR (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor), IR (Insulin Receptor), NGFR (Nerve Growth Factor Receptor), FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor), etc.G proteins. Several important physiological responses like vision, smell, and stress response produce large metabolic effects from a small number of input signals. The receptors for these signals have two things in common, first, they are transmembrane proteins with seven helices spanning the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, and second, the signals received by these receptors are amplified and the amplifiers are members of a common family of proteins called G proteins. Most G proteins are heterotrimers consisting of a one copy of alpha (45 kD), beta (35 kD), and gamma (7 kD) subunits. The alpha subunits have GTPase activity and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP and inorganic phosphate. The GTP-bound form of the protein is the active form and sends a signal from the receptor to some cellular effector protein. Examples of these kind of receptors are: beta-adrenergic receptor, rhodopsin, mast cell IgE receptor, and muscarinic receptor.
What are receptor proteins made up of?
maybe nerve endings,skincells,or neurotransmitters
In what two ways do receptor proteins affect cellular activity?
Receptor proteins are intracellular proteins. Two ways in which they affect cellular activity are through inducement of transitions to cells and to speed up chemical reactions in cells.
Up to 60 percent of all medicines today exert their effects by influencing what structures in the cell membrane?
Receptor proteins.
What are ribosomes made up of?
Ribosomes are primarily responsible for biological synthesis of proteins. They are made up of ribosomal RNA and a variety of proteins. Edit : RNA & Proteins
What is the purpose of receptor proteins?
The intracellular proteins form the most important class of receptors called receptor proteins. Receptor proteins are located in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, or nuclear membrane. 1. Cytoplasmic receptor proteins include those that respond to steroid hormones. Ligand activated receptors may enter the cell nucleus where they modulate gene expression. 2. Receptors within cell membranes may be peripheral or trans-membrane proteins. Many receptors for hormones and neurotransmission are trans-membrane proteins. - a. Metabotropic receptors are coupled to G-proteins, acting through various secondary pathways involving ion channels, enzymes such as adenylyl (adenylate) cyclases, and phospholipases, or PDZ domains. - b. Ionotropic receptors are ligand-activated ion channels that permit entry of ions when the central pore is open. A receptor protein is protein molecule that found embedded in the plasma membrane surface of a cell. It receives chemical signals from outside the cell.
What is lactate dehydrogenase?
It is a glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate to lactate. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up reactions.
What cascades are included in many of signal transduction pathways?
Probably the most common of the signal transduction pathways is through the use of G proteins. These proteins are found with three subunits. When activated by a GPCR, or a G Protein-Coupled Receptor, they drop off bound GDP and pick up GTP and the subunits separate. G-alpha will help phosphorylate other proteins which end up amplifying the signal. This leads to many signaling pathways.
A histone is a constricted region holding two chromatids together?
Sounds more like a centromere. Histones are proteins which are responsible for coiling the DNA up tightly.
What nutrient are made up of amino acids?
Proteins. Proteins.
The constricted region holding two chromatids together is called a histone?
Sounds more like a centromere. Histones are proteins which are responsible for coiling the DNA up tightly.
What enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis: only a specific molecule, called a ligand, can bind to the receptor. Without receptor binding occurring first, endocytosis does not proceed.
What do the membrane proteins do?
They do several things, depending on what they are designed for. The plasma membrane is made up of proteins which are semi-permeable to the outside and hold the cytoplasm within the cell and help to either prevent or allow diffusion of various substances into or out of the cell. They may also form receptor sites along the membrane for the attachment of enzymes which facilitate diffusion of certain substances.
