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Wales became an English possession when Llywellyn the Last was killed (accidentally) at Cilmeri in 1282.

This led to a long period of instability in British politics, the main feature of the next two centuries being the Wars of the Roses as the Lancaster line of the Blood Royal (mainly Lancaster based) contested the throne with the York line (mainly from York, but with strong Welsh connections through the Mortimer family). Owain Glyndwr was an Anglicised Welsh prince who joined the Yorkist cause and maintained a serious rebellion for several years. On the other hand Henry V, though Lancastrian, was Welsh by birth.

The tumult only finally resolved when Henry Richmond (Henry VII) defeated the Yorkist Richard III at the battle of Bosworth Field. Henry was a descendant of the Tudor family of Anglesey, so in an important sense this represented a Welsh final conquest of England.

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