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The echidna is an egg-laying mammal of both Australia and New Guinea. The short-beaked echidna is the only species found in Australia. Adaptations of the echidna which enable it to live within a variety of habitats throughout Australia include:

  • A long tongue with sticky saliva, with which it eats termites and ants.
  • A long snout which makes it easy for the echidna to burrow for ants, termites and worms.
  • During breeding season, the female echidna develops a pouch, where she lays and incubates her egg. Although the pouch is little more than a fold of skin, it protects the egg from would-be predators such as goannas.
  • The echidna has sharp claws for digging, and this ability to dig effectively is helped by its compact, muscular body shape and strong forelegs. When threatened, they can dig very, very quickly into the earth, disappearing horizontally, leaving only their quills exposed while they burrow.
  • The echidna is very adaptable, living in a wide variety of climates and environments, from sub-alpine regions to arid semi-desert - wherever there are termites and ants.
  • Echidnas burrow as a protective defence, leaving only the spines exposed to the potential predator.
  • Echidnas are able to tolerate high levels of carbon dioxide, a necessity for an animal which burrows for protection (and sometimes for food). Because of this, they can also tolerate lower oxygen levels, and this is useful when bushfires occur.
  • When flash floods occur, echidnas can dive underwater, and as they do so, their heart rate drops, which saves oxygen needed by the brain and the heart.
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Q: What adaptations have echidnas made to live in Australia?
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What do Australian echidnas eat?

The species of echidna found in Australia is the short-beaked echidna. Echidnas of Australia live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale.


What do short-beaked echidnas eat?

Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale.


What does an echidna from Australia eat?

The only species of echidna found in Australia is the short-beaked echidna. Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale.


What is the echidna unusual for eating?

Echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs.


What do Short Beaked Echidna eat?

Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale.


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What do echidnas eat?

This varies according to the species. Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale. The long-beaked echidna, which is found only on the island of New Guinea, feeds mainly on worms, insect larvae and other invertebrates.


Is an echidna a herbivore?

Echidnas in Australia are insectivorous. Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale. The long-beaked echidna, which is found only on the island of New Guinea, feeds mainly on worms and insect larvae.


Where is the echidna's food found?

The food of the short-beaked echidna is found all over Australia. Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale. The long-beaked echidna, which is found only on the island of New Guinea, feeds mainly on worms and insect larvae found on the island.


What are echidnas' prey?

The biggest threat to echidnas occurs when they are young. Snakes will sometimes enter their burrow and eat the baby echidna. Other animals do not usually attempt to eat this spiky creature, but some echidna predators include very brave foxes, and goannas. Goannas will dig into an echidna's burrow and eat the young. A fascinating museum exhibit in Australia shows a fossilised snake eating a fossilised echidna. It would appear the echidna's spikes caught as it was being swallowed by the snake, and both creatures perished.


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Short-beaked echidnas live almost exclusively on termites, although they also eat ants. Echidnas have large claws for breaking open termite mounds (which, in much of Australia, are made from mud). They have long sticky tongues, about 15cm long, with which they catch the termites. Echidnas also look for termites under old, rotting logs, their preferred locale. The long-beaked echidna, which is found only on the island of New Guinea, feeds mainly on worms and insect larvae.


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