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Some of the lasting effects of Roman civilisation are the use of adapted forms of the Latin alphabet in western European languages, the existence of languages that are derived from Latin (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian), some of the fundamental principles of law, and the use of Latin words in science, medicine, law and theology. Until the early 20th century the Romans also influenced architecture and sculpture and painting (Renaissance and neo-classical architecture and sculpture abnd paintings were based on Greco-Roman models) and Latin poets and Roman mythology influenced European literature.
The letters we use are Latin ones (apart from j, u and w). Many words in English also have Latin roots. This occurred in two main ways. One was that Latin was the language of the church and a language used by the educated elites. This led to the introduction of Latin words, some of which have retained their original form. The other was that with the conquest by the Normans from France, French became the language of the court and through this, many French words, whose origin is Latin, entered the English language.
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.
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