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The Chinese were great makers of Jade artifacts. They had white and greenish nephrite jade found in small quarries and as pebbles and boulders in the rivers flowing from the Kuen-Lun mountain range eastward. The Yurungkash river was a white jade river and the Karakash river was a black jade river. The Kingdom of Khotan, which was on a branch of the Silk Road, made tribute payments of the most precious white jade to the Chinese Imperial court. Jade had a higher status-value than gold or silver. It was a favourite material for the crafting of Chinese scholars' objects (rests for calligraphy brushes) and as the mouthpieces of pipes. It was believed that breathing through jade would give longevity.

India was also famous for its craftsmen who made jewellery and ornamental items such as sword hilts and dagger handles by using green serpentine or false jade bought mainly from Afghanistan. A Jainist temple has the largest sculpture made from a single jade rock in the world.

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