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They are Gram-negative bacteria; they photosynthesize in the same manner as plants and are believed to be responsible for first introducing oxygen into primitive atmosphere. If care is not taken in disposing of industrial, agricultural, and human wastes, phosphates drain into lakes and ponds resulting in a "bloom" of these organisms. The surface of the water becomes turbid, and light cannot penetrate to lower levels. When a portion of cyanobacteria die off, the decomposing prokaryotes use up the available oxygen, causing fish to die from lack of oxygen

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Q: What are Cyanobacteria and why are they ecologically important?
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