A native of Turkey is called a "Turk" or "Turkish Citizen". Note that this should not be confused with Türk, which refers to any Türkic person in Central Asia.
The early Ottomans in the 13th and 16th centuries were the the people from Asia who were speaking Turkish.
Central Asia, South East Asia, and the India sub-content.
Islam came to central Asia in the early to mid 700s C.E. because of Persian and Turkish imperial expansion into that region. The various Turkic Tribes of Central Asia either aligned with the Muslims or with the Chinese Empire in the East, further spreading Islam all the way to Xinjiang/East Turkestan.
They conquered from westeren Spain to Central Asia. :]
There is an error in the supposition: that these two regions are the only or largest concentrations of Muslims. They are neither. The largest number of Muslims are in South Asia: Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The country with the highest Muslim population count is Indonesia. However, between those two, the Middle East has a larger population of Muslims than Central Asia.
Because of all the deserts in Central and Southwest Asia.
Yes. The Asian part of what is nowadays Turkey, was called Asia minor, when it was part of Greece and later of the Roman empire. Asia minor is also called Anatolia
The largest population of Muslims live in Indonesia. But a great many live in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Central Asia, Turkey, African and of course in the Middle East.Most Muslims live in Asia and Africa .
Russia
The Turkish people are descended from nomadic tribes that roamed central asia much like the Mongols; they are believed to have migrated into the area of modern Turkey somewhere around the 8th century AD
Most of the citizens of Central Asia are Muslims, but there are some Christian and Buddhist minorities. However, in the former Soviet States, Islam remains strongly repressed by the state as a legacy of Soviet Communism.