Generally CCD, but this can be made up in another way, such as AB. For the full UCAS tariff table, please see the related link
You will be able to gain UCAS points through extra curricular activites by contacting your academic advisor. They can provide details on the actual process and how many points can be achieved.
None because GCSEs do not give you UCAS points. Only AS and A Levels and their equivalents (eg. BTECs) give you UCAS points
You can do retakes of exams to get better grades and therefore get a higher number of UCAS points. Or you can take on some extra subjects to get UCAS points from them too.
A GCE A Level at Grade B is worth 100 UCAS points
LAMDA only accept applications made straight to them, they don't use UCAS.
No
I believe it's a key skills qualification. According to this calculator, a Key Skills qualification at level 2 is worth 10 UCAS points. http://www.merlinhelpsstudents.com/studentlife/beforeuniversity/ucas/ucaspointscalculator.asp
As these woudl be specialised qualifications not usually dealt with in the UK, I would recommend that you phone up the University(ies) which you wish to apply to and check that the qualifications you hold are acceptable on their courses. You can then either arrange to secure a place directly with the Uni, or find out how to list these qualifications on your UCAS application form.
A grade A at AS level (if you did not carry on the subject until the end of A2 A Level) is worth 60 points. A grade A from a full A Level is worth 120 points. For the full UCAS tarfiff table, please see the related link.
They are worth the same amount of UCAS points. If you are planning to study a mathematics related degree at university, then further maths will give you a bit of a head start.
yes it can depending on your results. results are converted into UCAS points so the higher the grade the more UCAS points you get. e.g. PPP = 120 MMM = 240 DDD = 360