The item id for diamond in 1.3.1 is 264. If you want to see all data values and ids in Minecraft go to the link below.
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Go to www.itemdb.co.nr For all Item Id's
Unless you mess with the game files, you can't change the ID of items. However, you can change the item names by placing the item in the anvil and naming it to whatever you want.
Sugarcane has 2 data values (IDs) on the PC edition of Minecraft, a block data value, and an item data value. The data value for the block is 83, while the data value for the item is 338.
The ID for bones in Minecraft is 352.All IDs can be found at the link in the Related Links section.
The item ID for a diamond pick in Minecraft is 278. I have linked you below in the related links of a full list of all the ID's in Minecraft.
You can only type on multi-player
A area or vista of the Luna landscape
TooManyItems is a very helpful mod, it shows all the items and blocks including their data values.
The link is under "Sources and related links" below this answer.
No, you can't take one item from a Minecraft mod unless there is a separate mod which contains that one item.