Not really a bright spot, but a prominence, the word is "flare".
A bright area on the surface of the sun is called a facula.
Yes I have seen a dark spot on the Sun. It is called a "Sunspot". It is formed on the Sun's surface which is called the "photo-sphere" and is caused by a loop of the Sun's magnetic field poking though the Sun's surface.
a mellanoma
The bright ring around the sun is called the halo. A halo can be found around any object with light like the moon or sun.
The darkest part, where the magnetic field is approximately vertical to the sun's surface is called the Umbra.
False. When any spot on the earth is on the side facing the sun, that spot experiences a condition known as "daylight". At the moment when that spot is pointing directly toward the sun, the moment is called local "noon". The sun is then highest in the sky at that spot, and shadows are the shortest. All of these phenomena take place during the portion of the axial rotation period known at that spot as "day".
They''re called sun-spots. They appear as dark 'spots' on the surface of the Sun. The bright 'arches' are solar flares resulting from the storm's energy.
It's called granulation. (Also, I think it's actually a separate thing from the bright spots.)
A sun spot
The High Bright Sun was created in 1964.
the sun shines bright because the gas uses to help the sun shine.