no
In the US, they both are elected by the electoral college.
Some positions are elected, some are appointed by elected officials, some are drafted into service in times of war.
Garfield was elected to nine terms as a US Congressman . He was elected to the Senate the year he was elected President and so never served in the Senate. He was also a state Senator in Ohio.
Harding was a US Senator from Ohio and the Lieutenant Governor of Ohio before he was elected President.
Senators in the United States hold their positions for six years. They are elected to serve this term and can be re-elected for subsequent terms if they choose to run for re-election and are successful in the election.
Electors
Professionals replaced elected officials in some positions.
civil service
=no=
Under the desk and on top of it.
3