The extreme point is called a vertex.
French Catholics were simply referred to as "Catholics" or "Roman Catholics" in historical and contemporary contexts.
I do not think catholics are called green. The orangemen are mostly protestants and they get their name from William of orange
Catholics used to be called Gentiles, or non-Jews
It is called abstinence.
The religions images honored by Eastern Rite Catholics are called icons.
most extreme form of authoritarianism called
The extreme point is called a vertex.
Extreme numbers in the data as compared the the rest of the data are called OUTLIERS.
The complete Visible Light spectrum.
It is called a exteremophile.
Most of them (in English) are called the CYO for Catholic Youth Organization.