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President: James Madison (1751-1836)

Term: March 4, 1809 - March 4, 1817

Background: Madison was born to Colonel James Madison and Eleanor Rose Conway in Port Conway, Virginia. His parents were slave owners and also owners of a tobacco plantation in Orange County. His parents believed in the Church of England, which was the way Madison was raised. He went to the College of New Jersey and went on to study with John Witherspoon. From 1776-1779, Madison served in the Virginia state legislature. Madison then put together the Virginia Plan, which created the three-branch system and is still used till this day. He also became part of the United States House of Representatives. Madison's amendments that he ratified then became the Bill of Rights.

Political Party: Democratic-Republican

Vice-President: George Clinton (1809-1812), None (1812-1813), Elbridge Gerry (1813-1814), None (1814-1817)

Major Domestic Policy: Once elected into office, Madison announced that America was going to enter into war with Great Britain. He received strong support from the people who lived in Kentucky and Tennessee, but have a low amount of support from the Northeastern people because of the fact that their friends and relatives were being forced into the British navy. The war was declared in hopes of expanding the land of the U.S. into Canada. The Hartford Convention in 1812 was formed in a result of the Federalists disowning the war. The National Bank was chartered, and the creation of the Second National bank was in 1816. In 1816, Alexander Hamilton created the First Protective Tariff, which were added to the revenue tariff. These tariffs protected the development of the industry by adding rates of twenty five percent added on to the revenue tariff.

Major Foreign Policy: The Embargo Act was replaced with the Non-Intercourse Act on March 1809. This lifted the restrictions of trade expect in the ports of the Britain and the France in hopes of hurting their economies. Instead, it hurt the United States economy, was extremely ineffective and helped towards the beginning of the War of 1812. The War of 1812 began to break out between Great Britain and American. America was trying to gain more land into Canada. The first battle was at the United States and Canada border. The winner was unknown until British attacked Washington D.C. and burned it to the ground. The ending of the war was still unknown. The Treaty of Ghent was signed in 1816, which didn't give any peace, or change in land. The only victory that came out of this battle was the fact that Europe realized that the United States was officially an established country on its own.

Court Case:

• Fletcher v. Peck (1810)-made it possible to acknowledge laws as unconstitutional.

• Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)-Held that the Supreme Courts jurisdiction over the states involved with federal laws is under Article Three of the United States Constitution.

Intellectual and Social Developments:

• The Hartford Convention was created around the time of the war of 1812. British ships were attacking the American ships during the time they were trying to trade and send goods to different ports. The Convention stated that sixty days is the longest an embargo can last; in order to declare war, tamper with foreign trade, or put new states into the union was if there was a two thirds vote supporting; no aliens were allowed to be part of federal office.

• Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the beginning of the Star Spangled Banner at Fort McHenry at the end of the war of 1812.

Madison's Legacy: Madison began his presidency with the Napoleonic wars and Great Britain wars raging. Once the United States declared war on Great Britain for abducting the sailors during trade, they began fighting on the boarder between Canada and America. This battle was indecisive until Britain burned Washington D.C. to the ground. This then caused the Treaty of Ghent in 1861 to be signed. This treaty didn't resolve anything. It just made things go back to normal, except for the fact that now Great Britain looked at America as its own independent nation. Now America had respect from other Nations and looked powerful. Madison was able to make America looked upon as a prestigious nation and did in it before the federalist divided our country because they didn't believe in the war.

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14y ago
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10y ago

James Madison was the shortest president.

he was married no children

he died of old age

some say he was the fattest president

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14y ago

He was the shortest president.

He would be 252 years old if he was still alive.

he had a pet parrot.

his favorite food was ice-cream.

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12y ago

He was the shortest president 5'4

He was the skinniest president weighing about 100 pounds

His wife's(Dolly) parrot outlived both Jame Madison and Dolly Madison

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12y ago

That's Not A question...

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