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Cosmology
Animist Cosmology
Anaximander
It is cosmology using Einstein's theories of special and general relativity. This is the modern form of cosmology. The old form, called Newtonian cosmology, is based on the laws of Newton (which we now know are not accurate for big things such as galaxies), but is sometimes still used as an educational device (since it is simpler).
Observational and experimental data are almost always recorded and analyzed in numerical form.
It is called Observational Cosmology and is quite complicated.
behavior
Jeff Lichtman favors an observational approach to biology, which is not common in his field of study.
All people who believe in the value of observational evidence accept Big Bang Cosmology, just like they accept a heliocentric solar system. In both cases, no other proposal matches what we see, and every significant alternative has been falsified. There are some people who oppose Big Bang Cosmology based solely on their initial presumption of reality: that our entire Universe is significantly younger than 100,000 years. If you START with that presumption, Big Bang Cosmology is, of course, false. The problem is that no observational evidence whatsoever supports that presumption.
You might say that. But it's probably closer to the truth to say that it worked in exactly the opposite way . . . The Big Bang theory is an attempt to explain the shift toward red in the spectra of all distant galaxies, along with many additional observational facts in Astronomy, Physics, and Cosmology.
Not just "some," but ALL people who examine the observational facts of our Universe accept Big Bang Cosmology, and idea first proposed by Jesuit priest Georges LeMaitre. Pretty much every observaton predicted by BB (along with Inflation) has been observed, and nothing has been observed that would contradict its basic premise. To say "some people believe" in Big Bang Cosmology is like saying "some people believe" in gravity.
As far as we know, gravity is not cyclic. If it is, then its cycle is longer than can be detected by archaeology, cosmology, or the present state of the art in any other observational science.
Cosmology
Some lines of theoretical analysis in Cosmology indicate that parallel universes are possible. Experimentation on the subject isn't possible, at least not yet, and there's no observational evidence to suggest that they either do or don't exist. So the short answer is: We have no idea.
Astronomy, the study of celestial objects and the observable universe.Another Perspective:Cosmology, the study of the universe from its beginning to its projected end. While there is considerable overlap between the two, the difference lies in cosmology's interest and emphasis on causality and final disposition (fate) of the universe.
Journal of Cosmology was created in 2009.
Cosmology of Kyoto happened in 1995.