Federal pass through funds are grants given to one organization to be passed through directly into the hands of another group. This is often done when the group that actually needs the funds cannot be funded directly by federal funds.
1950
taxes and bonds
Banks in need of reserves can borrow funds from either the Federal Reserve or in the federal funds market.
Yes, members of Congress are considered federal employees, as they work for the federal government in their capacity as legislators. They are elected representatives who create and pass federal laws, and their salaries are paid through federal funds. However, they operate under a unique status compared to typical federal employees, as they are not subject to the same performance evaluations or oversight.
Taxes, of course.
The federal funds rate is the interest rate banks charge on loans in the federal funds market. The federal funds rate is not set administratively by the Fed. Instead, the rate is determined by the supply of reserves relative to the demand for them.
I-35 and I-40.
Expenditure of Federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments
Federal law prohibits federal funds including Medicaid funds, from being used to pay for an elective abortion
Congress has the ability to appropriate funds to be spent by the federal government.
A grant-in-aid provides funds from one level of government to another level of government to be used for specific purposes. Such funds are usually accompanied by requirements and standards set by the governing body for how they are to be spent. An example of this is the Federal Government requiring states to raise the drinking age in order to continue to qualify for federal funds for interstate highways.
The impact on the federal funds rate, by any policy, would depend on which policy is in question. Some policies will cause the federal funds rate to increase while other policies will cause the federal funds rate to decrease.