(physical chemistry) An arrangement of bonds in a hyperconjugated molecule such that the number of bonds is the same in the two resonance structures but the second structure is energetically less favorable than the first structure; examples are H3CC+H2 and H3CCH2.
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Hyperconjugation, otherwise known as Baker-Nathan effect, is the delocalisation of sigma electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system or to an atom with an unshared p-orbital. Stability of carbocations is based on hyperconjugative effect. Due to hyperconjugation, tertiary carbocation has 9 resonance structures, secondary carbocation 6 resonance structures, primary carbocation 3 resonance structures. Hence stability is tertiary>secondary>primary.
homologous structures
The root word "valent" is referring to the valence of an atom or ion. The prefix "alio" means different. Two aliovalent ions are ions that have a different valence. In other words they don't have the same number of valence electrons. The converse of this word would be "isovalent", meaning that the two ions are of the same valence.
Single bonds allow free rotation. Free rotation may be hindered sterically (large substituents that "bang" into one another " or due to hyperconjugation as in rotation barrier in ethane.
detail of isovalent hypercojugation
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conjugation hyperconjugationprocess in which
Hyperconjugation, otherwise known as Baker-Nathan effect, is the delocalisation of sigma electrons of C-H bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system or to an atom with an unshared p-orbital. Stability of carbocations is based on hyperconjugative effect. Due to hyperconjugation, tertiary carbocation has 9 resonance structures, secondary carbocation 6 resonance structures, primary carbocation 3 resonance structures. Hence stability is tertiary>secondary>primary.
Michael James Steuart Dewar has written: 'Synthetic and Structural Problems With Contributions' -- subject(s): Organic compounds, Organometallic compounds, Chemical structure, Synthesis 'Hyperconjugation' -- subject(s): Hyperconjugation 'The electronic theory of organic chemistry' -- subject(s): Organic Chemistry, Physical and theoretical Chemistry 'Computer compilation of molecular weights and percentage compositions for organic compounds'
Yes there is a mnemonic for the spectrochemical series. It is: "C.B.A.S.E.F.A.G.H.I". This acronym stands for the following order: C - Cation B - Base A - Acid S - Strong E - Electropositive F - Formation A - Anion G - Group H - Hyperconjugation I - Inductive Effect. C - Cation B - Base A - Acid S - Strong E - Electropositive F - Formation A - Anion G - Group H - Hyperconjugation I - Inductive EffectBy remembering this mnemonic you can easily recall the order of the spectrochemical series.
homologous structures
Homologous structures.
The root word "valent" is referring to the valence of an atom or ion. The prefix "alio" means different. Two aliovalent ions are ions that have a different valence. In other words they don't have the same number of valence electrons. The converse of this word would be "isovalent", meaning that the two ions are of the same valence.
Single bonds allow free rotation. Free rotation may be hindered sterically (large substituents that "bang" into one another " or due to hyperconjugation as in rotation barrier in ethane.
structures which are similiar
engineered structures are the structures which can withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes etc.