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Changes in temperature as water flows from one location to another cause it to expand and contract.

This constant expansion and contraction pushes water in other areas in another direction thus causing it to change temperature and continue the cycle.

Tide shifting also has some effect. The tides (shifting of water from lunar gravity) can often initiate shifts in ocean currents. But it is temperature that has the largest effect on a global scale.

Some would say the wind also has some effect, but most of that is the side effect of the wind changing the temperature of an area as it carrys in a hot or cold front. Wind itself is mostly a side effect of temperature change.

In effect, wind is the side effect of temperature change in the air, much like ocean currents are the side effect of temperature change in water.

Temperature changes as the sun passes over various things cause them to expand or contract, this is the base cause of nearly any shifting or flowing of anything on a global scale such as wind and water.

Any other influence is minimal compared to temperature.

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edit note: whoever keeps changing this to just say "wind" has not researched the subject at all.

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Q: What are ocean currents determined by?
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