What are radiation caries?

Answer 1

Radiation caries are dental cavities that occur as a result of receiving radiation treatment to the head and neck region for cancer.

An unfortunate side effect of radiation treatment to the head and neck is the reduced flow of saliva in the mouth. Saliva is important because it contains buffering agents that work to neutralize acids produced by bacteria. Those acids are the direct cause of dental decay (caries). Saliva also serves as a cleansing agent, as it helps wash away food debris that the bacteria feed on.

Additionally, multiple doses of radiation treatment to the head and neck region can also directly damage the structure of the tooth itself. This damage results in weakness in the bonds that hold the tooth's structural layers (dentine and enamel) together. Now, the enamel (hard outer layer) of the tooth is essentially unsupported and can shear off in sheets, exposing the underling dentine. Combine this exposed dentine with salivary impairment and the radiation therapy patient is at a very high risk for developing caries (decay).

To minimize decay that results from radiation treatment:

1. Get as much pending dental work done BEFORE radiation treatment begins as possible, especially any extractions that are needed. This is because there is also something called radio osteo necrosis, where the bone fails to heal properly following extractions if the jaw has been treated or exposed to radiation. This can be a huge and very difficult complication.

2. Be absolutely immaculate in your oral hygiene practices. Brush and floss and follow your dentist's specific recommendations to the letter. Become fanatical about your oral hygiene.

3. Avoid all sugary treats. No soda, fruit drinks, or cookies. These sweets turn into acids almost immediately upon entering the mouth, and they tend to linger, increasing their damage. Chew only SUGARLESS gum.

4. Use a fluoride rinse at least daily. Fluoride fights decay by making tooth enamel harder and more resistant to bacterial acids.

5. Visit your dentist frequently. Any cavities need to be caught early and restored as soon as possible.