Answer 1
They need the same requirements as men do:
1. They have to be 100% committed to their Jewish training
2. They have to have patience, compassion and love
3. They have to have respect for non-Jews
Answer 2
All of the above might be nice to have, but are not requirements to being a Rabbi. In order to become a Rabbi, a woman has to go to an accredited Jewish Institution and study there to the satisfaction of the school. At this point they will get a degree which certifies them to be a Rabbi in a synagogue in the relevant denomination. The time necessary to complete such a degree is incumbent on the Institution and the relevant denomination of Judaism's standards.
A rabbi and a cantor.
Yes.
Yes, you have to be Jewish to become a Rabbi.
first it is the God, then the rabbi, then the cantor, finally the original Jewish people.
Prayers may be led by a cantor (chazan), or any knowledgeable member of the congregation.See also:More about Jewish prayerJudaism's teachers are its rabbis, or knowledgeable Jewish laity.See also:Jewish teachers throughout history
Jews don't have churches, we have synagogues. The two key people are the rabbi and cantor.
The person who leads prayers during religious services is called a Cantor.
No, a cantor is a person who is trained to chant prayers and Torah in Judaism. He cannot perform wedding ceremonies, etc as a cantor. A Cantor or Hazzan is invested clergy. He or she has a master's degree as studied Jewish ritual, law and liturgy. Additionally they are professional, skilled musicians who have learned the rich and extensive skill and history of Hazzanut. The is NOTHING a rabbi can that an invested (Ordained degreed) cantor cannot. This included weddings, funeral, bris, etc. The original poster may have been confused with the cantorial soloist. This is a person who have a very good voice perhaps may know Hebrew and may or may not be Jewish who chants parts of the service. A cantor is a part of Jewish clergy and can have leadership role in a synagogue.
The cantor
The person leading the service, is usually called a shaliach (or shlicha if female), which is short for shaliach tsibor (שליח ציבור), "public representative".the Shaliach in many synagogues is either a Rabbi or a Cantor, but this is not a requirement to be a shaliach, and many synagogues don't have either one.To lead a Jewish service, a person only has to be Jewish and over the age of 13 (and a few other situational requirements). Orthodox synagogues usually (but not always) require the shaliach to be male unless it is an all-female group.
The rabbi or cantor
The Rabbi The gabbai The shammes The board of trustees Synagogue president The cantor