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In molecular Biology, a riboswitch is a part of an mRNA molecule that can directly bind a small target molecule, and whose binding of the target affects the gene's activity. Thus, an mRNA that contains a riboswitch is directly involved in regulating its own activity, depending on the presence or absence of its target molecule.
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Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to .?
Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to changes in the environment. Riboswitches are comprised of two parts an aptamer and an expression platform.
Describe the shapes of the three types of RNA?
There are several different forms of RNA, although three key types of RNA (often cited) refer to (i) messenger RNA (or mRNA), (ii) transfer RNA (or t-RNA) and (iii) ribosomal RNA (or rRNA).mRNA functions primarily as a transfer/relay molecule (for translating genetic information stored within the DNA molecule into protein, via ribosomes). mRNAs also play a crucial role in determining how much of a protein is being expressed in vivo- generally a greater number of mRNA transcripts siginifies an actively-transcribed (and hence actively-expressed) gene. mRNA molecules are generally single-stranded (monocatenary) and short-lived compared to their parental DNA duplex.tRNAs function as transport molecules (for ferrying amino acids to the ribosome for extension of the nascent polypeptide chain during its synthesis on the ribosome de novo). tRNAs may exhibit a characteristic secondary structure, comprising a fixed number of stem-loop/hairpin structures (bicatenary sites) and an anticodon (for association with the mRNA codon via complementary base pairing during polypeptide synthesis).rRNA molecules are often complexed with proteins to form the ribosome (or ribozyme) which is responsible for polypeptide synthesis from their mRNA template in vivo.In addition, other forms of RNA exist - small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA), etc. RNAs have also been characterized as fundamental in catalysing numerous in vivo reactions (as riboswitches, etc).
