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Nuclear fission (as opposed to nuclear fusion) is the process in which a atom is broken into smaller pieces (other smaller atoms). This is different from nuclear decay, in which an unstable particle emits particles in an attempt to become more stable.

Nuclear fission can be done on any element, other then hydrogen, however it will not yield energy for anything smaller then Iron.

When a large particle, like Uranium, is broken into fissile elements, they don't always break the same way. So you would not always get the same particles. These fissile particles fly off and strike another atom, and break it into pieces and the reaction continues.

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