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It is seen to be a very general theory of crime. It is difficult to empirically test. It works on the assumption that conformity is the norm. It builds heavily on the work of Durkheim. The desire to be 'successful' as the guiding light rejects biological explanations of competition. It doesn't explain all forms of criminal behaviour. It assumes a consensual society. It ignores pluralism and closed meaning-systems. It is too essentialist and universal - are we not driven by other diverse goals? It over-predicts criminality. does not explain hate-crime, violence etc. There is little mention of gender and race. In explaining white-collar crime it has limited use. It only accounts for the working and under classes too.

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Q: What are some criticisms of Merton's strain theory?
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