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Orchids do not have any known defenses against being eaten. Aphids, scales, mealybugs, spider mites and some other insects and arachnids may eat orchids.
I don't know if this a defense or merely a way to escape being eaten, but most species of geckos can detach their tail when they get scared or when it is grabbed. It will grow back later.
Their first line of defense is to escape, usually by climbing a tree. Failing that, they do have sharp teeth and claws and will use them for defense.
It's similar to how some plants are safe to eat (like spinach) and some are not (like foxgloves). Some plants/fungi have developed 'being poisonous' as a defense mechanism against predator's. Being poisonous or toxic prevents them from being eaten by curious animals.
Small animals like turtles know they have no defense against larger animals, so they run so they can hide and get eaten.
Thorns are a defensive adaptation of plants against being eaten by grazing animals.
Raccoons will try to escape a predator, usually by climbing a tree. If that is not possible, they have sharp claws and teeth that they will use for defense.
There mothers protect them with their powerful bite against enimy
In defense, if a poison dart frog is eaten, it will harm whatever ate it.
There are many plants that have special structure to protect themselves from human and other animals. A good example is the poisonous ivy which produces urushiol and roses that have thorns for protection.
Phagophobia is the fear of being eaten. It's somewhat nonspecific, as in useage it can apply to fear of swallowing, eating, or being eaten.
Some birds eat lady bugs but the lady bugs have a defense of tasting bad when they are being eaten. The larva of lacewing will eat the larva of the ladybugs.