Length, rifling (sometimes)
Mainly flintlock muskets. There were a few muzzleloading rifles, but many were smoothbore muskets, some shotguns.
Some weapons the British used in The Battle of Saratoga is...guns, muskets, knives, and kinds of weapons todays date still uses in the the wars and battles of out countries.
There are uhndreds of different types of guns, and only a few are used in the military. The military does not use double barreled shotguns, nor double barreled rifles. They do not use lever action rifles, and muskets have not been used in a long time.
What are some differences between soldiers and Militias
Better ballistics, better range, more accuracy. Muskets, however, did have an advantage at close range in that they could fire "buck and ball" ammunition, which was basically some buckshot attached to the musket ball. When fired, the buckshot would separate and spread out.
Couple reasons, one being doctrinal differences between units. Another reason being is that some of the M16 rifles are special purpose weapons, intended for unit sharpshooters and the like.
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When the US was first getting started as a separate country (1776) the US Army was armed with whatever they could get. Some were armed with civilian flintlock hunting rifles, some with Long Land Pattern British muskets (the Brown Bess) and some with flintlock muskets supplied by the French- see link for some more information: http://www.hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/RevAmerica/4-Where/musketfire.html
The main weapons were swords and muskets. Some muskets had bayonets.
Some are. some are shotguns, some are muskets, some are pistols.
what are some differences between poland and the united states of america
The British most certainly used the .75 cal musket known as the Brown Bess. 1st and 2nd model land patterns dating from 1728 and 1760s. The colonists were diversely armed with muskets obtained by buying, stealing or bribing and muskets made in the colonies by the Committees of Safety and Fowlers that were common to farmers and sportsmen at the time. There were some Virginia riflemen armed with their Pennsylvania or Virginia made rifles which were far more accurate but slower to load than the muskets. The Shot Heard Round the World is rumored to have been fired from a Scottish pistol