Their language and the way they write
Arabic script is used for both writing and calligraphy. It was the predominant form of artwork in the Pre-Modern Islamic World.
It`s exactly the same as in English: we use the script of the old romans.
Most Arabic nations such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Syria speak a local dialect of Arabic, they writing system they use is called Naskh script. Other languages that aren't actually Arabic use a variant of this script also, Persian as spoken in Iran and Urdu as spoken in the Punjab region of Pakistan for example.
No, there is not. Iraqi Arabic is a dialect of Arabic similar to Saudi Arabic, while the language spoken in Iran is called either Farsi or Persian. Arabic is part of the Semitic language family, Persian is part of the Indo-European language family--so the two are actually not related at all. Iran uses the Arabic script for religious reasons.
to teach muslims the meaning of the islamic culture
The vast majority of African languages use the Latin alphabet. Most of the remaining languages use the Arabic alphabet. There are a few native scripts, such as Amharic. Somali used to have a unique script, but today uses the Latin alphabet.
Hebrew uses the Hebrew alphabet, and Arabic uses the Arabic alphabet. Both alphabets are consonant-based.
There is no special word for a Muslim wife.
Arabic writing uses a different alphabet made up of Arabic symbols.
Islam.
No. Urdu is the Pakistani name for the language known in India as Hindustani. It uses the Persian-Arabic script, but is actually an Indo-European language (like Persian and practically all of the European languages).