What are subordinating conjunctions and their functions?

Answer 1

A subordinating conjunction is an adverb or adverbial phrase that introduces into a sentence a subordinate adverbial clause, which functions to modify adverbially the main sentence clause or a part of the main sentence clause, usually the main verb. Additionally, the subordinate clause also introduces a new idea, or proposition, into the sentence. This new idea, or proposition, expressed in the subordinate clause is said to carry less weight, or importance, than the idea expressed in the main sentence clause.

We might also note that a subordinate adverbial clause modifies the main sentence clause by introducing one of the following concepts into the main sentence clause: addition, cause & effect, comparison, concession, contrast, emphasis, example, summary, or sequence. Many words and phrases can function as subordinating conjunctions. Following is a list of those frequently used in English. Note: many words that function as a subordinating conjunction can also function as other parts of speech.

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

(These Adverbs Can Also Function as Conjunctions, Transitions & Expletives)

after

although

as

as if

as long as

as though

because

before

even though

if

in order that

provided that

rather than

since

so that

than

though

unless

until

when

whenever

where

whereas

wherever

whether

while

Answer 2

Subordinating conjunctions are words that connect a dependent clause to an independent clause. They show the relationship between the two clauses, such as cause and effect, time sequence, contrast, or condition. Some examples of subordinating conjunctions include "because," "although," "when," and "if."