In terms of what? In terms of holiness, Yom Kippur and Shabbos; in terms of frequency, Rosh Chodesh and Shabbos.
Most of the annual holy days are concentrated in the month of Tishrei. However, Judaism doesn't have the concept of a holy month.
No. Judaism does not believe the New Testament to be a Holy Book in its traditions.
The most important feast days are called Holy Days of Obligation.
Jerusalem is a holy city for the Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. To other faiths it is not a holy place.
In any religion, you can refer to the High Holy Days of that religion as the most important holy days of that tradition. In Christianity, it's pretty clear that Chistimas and Easter are the two. In Judaism, where the term is commonly used, it refers to Rosh Hashana (the Jewish New year) and Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement). These fall holy days, 10 days apart, are the climax of the liturgical year in modern Judaism. The interval between them is considered a solemn penetential period, and to a lesser extent, the month beofore Rosh Hashana is also a penetential prelude.
Torah.
The "Holy Land" of Judaism is Canaan - known by most as Israel. The Holy City would be considered as Jerusalem.
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all have most of their holy sites located in the Middle East.
The religions with most of their holy sites located in the Middle East are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jerusalem is particularly significant for all three, housing important sites like the Western Wall, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Additionally, other important locations such as Mecca and Medina for Islam, and Hebron for Judaism, further underscore the region's religious importance.
Palestine
There is no such thing as "the dom". If the question intends to ask about the Dome of the Rock Shrine, the shrine itself is holy to Muslims, not Jews. However, the "Rock" it covers is the Temple Mount, which is the most sacred site in Judaism. The reason that this place is so sacred is because it is where the holy of holies was in the Great Temples of Ancient Israel.
In the Torah.