In terms of what? In terms of holiness, Yom Kippur and Shabbos; in terms of frequency, Rosh Chodesh and Shabbos.
The most important feast days are called Holy Days of Obligation.
No. Judaism does not believe the New Testament to be a Holy Book in its traditions.
Most of the annual holy days are concentrated in the month of Tishrei. However, Judaism doesn't have the concept of a holy month.
Jerusalem is a holy city for the Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. To other faiths it is not a holy place.
In any religion, you can refer to the High Holy Days of that religion as the most important holy days of that tradition. In Christianity, it's pretty clear that Chistimas and Easter are the two. In Judaism, where the term is commonly used, it refers to Rosh Hashana (the Jewish New year) and Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement). These fall holy days, 10 days apart, are the climax of the liturgical year in modern Judaism. The interval between them is considered a solemn penetential period, and to a lesser extent, the month beofore Rosh Hashana is also a penetential prelude.
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all have most of their holy sites located in the Middle East.
Torah.
The "Holy Land" of Judaism is Canaan - known by most as Israel. The Holy City would be considered as Jerusalem.
In the Torah.
Palestine
There is no such thing as "the dom". If the question intends to ask about the Dome of the Rock Shrine, the shrine itself is holy to Muslims, not Jews. However, the "Rock" it covers is the Temple Mount, which is the most sacred site in Judaism. The reason that this place is so sacred is because it is where the holy of holies was in the Great Temples of Ancient Israel.
No. In Judaism, there is no one single most important person. Judaism has had many thousands (if not millions) of Rabbis, sages, kings, leaders, prophets, and teachers.Answer:Moses was the most important of the Jewish prophets (Numbers ch.12, Deuteronomy ch.34).