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Sarcophagi were most often designed to remain above ground, hence were often ornately carved, decorated or elaborately constructed. Some were built to be freestanding, as a part of an elaborate tomb or series of tombs, while others were intended for placement in crypts. In ancient Egypt, a sarcophagus formed the external layer of protection for a royal mummy, with several layers of coffins nested within, and was often carved out of alabaster.

Sarcophagi - sometimes metal or plaster as well as limestone - were also used by the ancient Romans until the early Christian burial preference for interment underground, often in a limestone sepulchre, led to their falling out of favor.

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Q: What are the 2 types of sarcophagus?
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What types of things go into a sarcophagus?

Sarcophagi typically contain a mummy, along with burial items such as amulets, jewelry, and food offerings. These items are believed to provide the deceased with what they will need in the afterlife according to ancient beliefs.


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