For starters:
a computer is to remove power from a computer's main components in a controlled way. After a computer is shut down, main components such as CPUs, RAM modules and hard disk drives are powered down, although some internal components, such as an internal clock, may retain power.
In the case of a desktop computer a power supply that in turn plugs into a household outlet provides power to the internal components of the computer. In the case of a laptop or tablet a battery provides power.
Increases air flow which keeps internal components from overheating.
They can induce current which can damage internal computer components.
You can probably do it yourself, but you will have to muddle around with internal components.
Yes it does. The heat comes from the internal components - not the air around it.
motherboard is the heart of the computer, also provide an area where the internal components can connect.
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A monitor is not normally considered hardware, the internal components of a computer are considered hardware.
A computer's power supply unit provides all needed voltages for the components of a computer that are internal. Externals either draw power from the USB bus (which in turn gets it's power from the aforementioned PSU or a Hub with a power supply) OR have their own internal power supply with a cable.
Technically yes, but not for very long, as the hardware components, most notably the processor, generate alot of heat inside the computer. If the internal heat of the computer gets too hot, it can actually MELT some of the hardware components, damaging the computer.
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