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What are the Advantages and disadvantages of relational data base model?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
Some of the advantages of relational databases include the ability to link information about a particular person who is in several databases together by simple links. One disadvantage is that once the database is created it is not changed easily so any database forming as part of a relational database must be very carefully planed before anything else can be done
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
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Advantages and disadvantages of the confederacy?
Advantages: Emotive mission - defending the homeland against the invader. Soldierlike breed - aggressive characters, raring for a good fight. Cavalry tradition - natural riders and shooters, with their own horses. Best Generals - many great leaders quit the US Army to join the Confederates. Foreign support - good prospect of recognition and military aid from abroad. Disadvantages: Smaller population - easily exploited by Grant when he ended prisoner-exchange. Weak in artillery - shortage of new (rifled-barrelled) guns and trained gunners. No manufacturing base - they had to improvise arms factories. Blockaded ports - little opportunity to import war supplies. Bad president - Davis could not control his Generals or his cabinet.
Features of traditional database?
the traditional database do not follow these rulesDr. E. F. Codd's 12 rulesfor defining a fully relational databaseNote that based on these rules there is no fully relational database management system available today. In particular, rules 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are difficult to satisfy.Foundation RuleA relational database management system must manage its stored data using only its relational capabilities.Information RuleAll information in the database should be represented in one and only one way - as values in a table.Guaranteed Access RuleEach and every datum (atomic value) is guaranteed to be logically accessible by resorting to a combination of table name, primary key value and column name.Systematic Treatment of Null ValuesNull values (distinct from empty character string or a string of blank characters and distinct from zero or any other number) are supported in the fully relational DBMS for representing missing information in a systematic way, independent of data type.Dynamic On-line Catalog Based on the Relational ModelThe database description is represented at the logical level in the same way as ordinary data, so authorized users can apply the same relational language to its interrogation as they apply to regular data.Comprehensive Data Sublanguage RuleA relational system may support several languages and various modes of terminal use. However, there must be at least one language whose statements are expressible, per some well-defined syntax, as character strings and whose ability to support all of the following is comprehensible:data definitionview definitiondata manipulation (interactive and by program)integrity constraintsauthorizationtransaction boundaries (begin, commit, and rollback).View Updating RuleAll views that are theoretically updateable are also updateable by the system.High-level Insert, Update, and DeleteThe capability of handling a base relation or a derived relation as a single operand applies nor only to the retrieval of data but also to the insertion, update, and deletion of data.Physical Data IndependenceApplication programs and terminal activities remain logically unimpaired whenever any changes are made in either storage representation or access methods.Logical Data IndependenceApplication programs and terminal activities remain logically unimpaired when information preserving changes of any kind that theoretically permit unimpairment are made to the base tables.Integrity IndependenceIntegrity constraints specific to a particular relational database must be definable in the relational data sublanguage and storable in the catalog, not in the application programs.Distribution IndependenceThe data manipulation sublanguage of a relational DBMS must enable application programs and terminal activities to remain logically unimpaired whether and whenever data are physically centralized or distributed.Nonsubversion RuleIf a relational system has or supports a low-level (single-record-at-a-time) language, that low-level language cannot be used to subvert or bypass the integrity rules or constraints expressed in the higher-level (multiple-records-at-a-time) relational language.
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