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Depends on how complex you want to get and what type of oil (engine, hydraulic, transmission, etc), but basically :
Viscosity vs standard range (40°C/100°C/VI)
Appearance
Odour
Oxidation by IR
Fuel Dilution - either by GC or flashpoint
Wear metals - AAS / ICP
Water - "crackle test"/ Karl Fischer / IR or "Dean & Stark" distillation
Particulates - filtration, hexane insolubles or IR
Residual TBN (Total Base Number) for engine oils or TAN (Total Acid Number) as an indicator of oxidation in hydraulic oils
Demulsibility (the oil's ability to separate water) - Turbine oils
Unsulphonatable residue - Medicinal White Oils and some agricultural oils
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