Studies have been unable to clearly identify the herb's healing properties. Includes saponins, carotenoids, resin, bitter principle, essential oil, sterols, flavonoids and mucilage.
Antispasmodic, antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
Amargogentin.
Honokiol.
Citral.
Flavanoids, quercetin.
Crocetin and crocin.
Anthraquinone glycosides.
Flavones, baicalein.
Diosgenin.
Ruscogenin and neuorscogenin.
Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol.
Caffeic acid glycoside.