What are the causes of hyperglycemia?

Answer 1

Mechanism of fasting hyperglycemia:

Raised blood sugar post prandial, delayed increased production of insulin due to most probably defect/abnormality of B cell pancreas, in turn, endogenic glucose production (gluconeogenesis, glucogenolysis) freely caused raised in fasting blood sugar.

By: Dr B Sutopo SpPD, K-GEH, FINASIM

Answer 2

Hyperglycemia, hyperglycaemia, or high blood sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. This is generally a blood glucose level of 10+ mmol/L (180 mg/dl), but symptoms may not start to become noticeable until later numbers such as 15-20+ mmol/L (270-360 mg/dl)or 15.2-32.6 mmol/L. However, chronic levels exceeding 125 mg/dl can produce organ damage.

Causes of Diabetes mellitus

Chronic hyperglycemia that persists even in fasting states is most commonly caused by Diabetes mellitus, and in fact chronic hyperglycemia is the defining characteristic of the disease. Intermittent hyperglycemia may be present in prediabetic states. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia without an obvious cause may indicate developing diabetes or a predisposition to the disorder.

In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia is usually caused by low insulin levels and/or by resistance to insulin at the cellular level, depending on the type and state of the disease. Low insulin levels and/or insulin resistance prevent the body from converting glucose into glycogen (a starch-like source of energy stored mostly in the liver), which in turn makes it difficult or impossible to remove excess glucose from the blood. With normal glucose levels, the total amount of glucose in the blood at any given moment is only enough to provide energy to the body for 20-30 minutes, and so glucose levels must be precisely maintained by the body's internal control mechanisms. When the mechanisms fail in a way that allows glucose to rise to abnormal levels, hyperglycemia is the result.

http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperglycemia