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The Exile of Jews from palestine is known as the Diaspora
1) Through migrations in which Jews moved willingly 2) Through migrations forced through persecution and exile 3) Through conversion of non-Jews
The Babylonians drove the Jews into their first exile. The Romans were the ones who caused the second and current exile period.
The accounts of the Exodus are close to the hearts of Jews during and after Exile because in the beginning of Exodus, the Israelites were living as slaves in a foreign land, Egypt. The Jews of the Exile had a similar experience living in Babylon as captive subjects of a mighty empire. Also the people of the Exodus struggled in a frightening and hostile wilderness. Similarly, the exile Jews made a long, painful journey to Babylon, and back again to Judah some 50 years later. Lastly and most important for the Jews was Gods Revelation to their ancestors in the wilderness. Through Moses the people of Israel discovered the identity of their God, and through the Covenant, they found their own identity as people. Similarly, in Babylon, after representing of their sins, the exiles rediscovered their true identity as God's beloved. -- written in out hearts third edition
It depends on the exile in question. Most Jews that wanted to returned to Land of Israel after the exile in Babylonia on account of Cyrus the Great. Many Jews have returned to Israel in the last 150 years from the Roman Exiling of the Jews nearly 2000 years ago. However, not all Jews have returned home after exile in both cases.
Galut; exile; diaspora.
Diaspora.
Cyrus
1) The Jews who returned to Judea from the Exile in Babylon, and the donations which other Jews gave them 2) The rebuilding and dedication of the Temple3) The harassment of the Jews by their enemies round about4) The contents of Darius's letter to the Jews5) Ezra's journey to Jerusalem6) The letter of Artaxerxes, and the support he gave7) Those Jews who had intermarried, and Ezra's responseSee also the Related Link.The Hebrew Bible
The Babylonians.
it ended in 1944
God was with them if they believed in him. In the modern era, most Jewish leaders believe that Jews are in Exile and subject to persecution explicitly because of the Jews' violation of this covenant.