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What are the difference between the senate and consuls in the early Rome?
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
The consuls were the two annually elected heads of the Republic and the army. The senate was an (unelected) advisory body for the consuls. The consuls usually followed the advice of the senate.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
Wiki User
∙ 8y agoThe consuls were the two annually elected heads of the Republic. The senate was an advisory body which gave advice on bills. It also debated policy matters and issued advice of these matters as well. The consuls usually followed this advice. In certain circumstances the senate could also issue decrees. In the Early Republic both the consulship and the seats of the senate were reserved to the patricians (the aristocracy) and consuls and senate worked together to defend the interests of the patricians. Later the wealthy plebeians (commoners) gained access to the consulship and the senate and became part of the elite. At this point the consuls and the senate both defended the interests of the elite. This does not mean that there were not disagreements or conflicts between consuls and senate on specific policy matters. Moreover, there were also rival political actions. The choices of the candidates for election to the two consulship posts often involved compromises between the factions.
In the Late Republic a new type of politicians emerged. They were the populares ("popularists"). This was a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and wanted reforms which helped the poor, especially land redistribution for the poor. They were opposed by the optimates (the good men), a political faction which favoured the interests of the aristocracy and was opposed to the mentioned reforms. This led to intense conflict and ultimately to civil war. In this period the consuls could belong to either faction. Therefore, there often was not the same commonality of interests between the consuls and the senate as before.
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