liver disease, bilirubin and biliverdin (mainly colour)
Glucose and glycosuria can make the urine frothy and smell sweet (hence Diabetes mellitus)
Bicarbonate maintains the acid-base balance in the body so changes to this can affect acidity of urine, as does potasium.
volume of urine can be affected by ADH(vasopressin) which retains more water in times of low blood volumes etc.
Nephron/kidney disease can affect the ability of the nephrons to reabsorb solutes and maintain normal urine concentrations so problems here can lead to changes in urine output/acidity.
a quick overview but i hope this puts you in the right direction.
Urochrome is the metabolite responsible for the pigmentation of urine which arises when hemoglobin is destroyed in the human body. Food and beverages that are consumed can also influence the color of urine. Carrot juice can turn it orange or B-complex vitamins can turn it green.
There are a few foods that can affect the colour and volume of urine. Four things that can change the colour of urine are: Beets, multivitamins, Food colouring and Phenazopyridine (An over the counter medicine for Urinal Track infections).
Urobilin can be degraded into urochrome, which is normally present in urine and responsible for its characteristically yellow color.
The urine volume will decrease.
Factors that effect the normal volume of urine include kidney disease or bladder disease. Drinking enough water can also change the volume of urine.
The renal system (kidneys) is the main regulator of both blood volume and blood salt concentration, but the two factors are regulated somewhat independently of each other as both the volume of urine produced and it's salt concentration vary with their own hormone system.
Some common physical tests of urine include visual inspection for color, clarity, and odor. Additionally, urine can be tested for specific gravity, which measures the concentration of particles in the urine, and pH, which indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the urine.
the urine volume decreased
vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone responsible for increased permeability of the distal tubules of the kidney, increasing water reabsorption and reducing urine volume.
Volume increases,urine become more dilute and clear.
The urine volume decreased as the concentration gradient increased.
What color is your urine use crack