Catholic Answer
This is a huge question, if you are sincerely interested in the Catholic Faith you need to stop by your local Catholic Church and speak with a priest. If you are just interested in what Catholics believe, then pick up a copy of the Catechism of the Catholic Church or read it online at the link below.
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The Catholic faith emanated from God from the beginning of time, and was established on earth definitively from the side of Jesus Christ on the cross outside of Jerusalem when He side was pierced by a spear, around 33 A.D.. Then it was shown to the world at Pentecost with the coming of the Holy Spirit, fifty-three days later.
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fromThe Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, English translation 1994
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766 The Church is born primarily of Christ's total self-giving for our salvation, anticipated in the institution of the Eucharist and fulfilled on the cross. "The origin and growth of the church are symbolized by the blood and water which flowed from the open side of Christ as he slept the sleep of death upon the cross that there came forth the 'wondrous sacrament of the whole Church.'" Sacrosanctum concilium 5) As Eve was formed from the sleeping Adam's side, so the church was born from the pierced heart of Christ hanging dead on the cross. (Cf. St. Ambrose, In Luc. 2, 85-89: J.P. Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina {Paris: 1841-1855} 15, 1666-1668)
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767 "When the work which the Father gave the Son to do on earth was accomplished, the Holy Spirit was sent on the day of Pentecost in order that he might continually sanctify the Church." (Lumen gentium 4; cf. Jn 17:4) The "the Church was openly displayed to the crowds and the spread of the gospel among the nations, through preaching, was begun." (Ad gentes 4) As the "convocation" of all men for salvation, the Church in her very nature is missionary, sent by Christ to all the nations to make disciples of them. (Cf. Mt 28:19-20; Ad gentes 2; 5-6)
No, catholic faith originated in Rome
yes
Yes, there are many, many female saints in the Catholic faith.
Catholic Faith
The Catholic faith came AFTER the Roman empire fell.
Roman Catholic AnswerMystery is a word used to denote the sacraments in the Catholic faith. If that is what you are talking about, there are seven sacraments.
One holy, catholic, and apostolic church.Roman Catholic AnswerThe essential core of the Catholic faith is Our Blessed Lord, Jesus Christ, who, along with the Holy Spirit dwells in the Church and the faith as its head.
Roman Catholic AnswerOf course, if the child is baptized, it is required that he be raised in the Catholic faith. If a child is not baptized, there must be reasonable assurance that he will be raised in the faith, to be baptized.
It is a Catholic University
The Protestant faith, of which the Lutheran faith was the oldest form.
Franciscans are an order in the Catholic faith, not a faith themselves. Joan was not a member but was a devout Catholic. She did not belong to the Franciscan order.
Yes! they must be united and all the organization is linked to the Catholic faith.