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They help produce more lift by the wing.

Lift is dependant on the formula L=CL x1/2densityx speed (squared) xsurface area

So the greater the surface area the more lift produced.

Flaps can extend from the front of the back of the wing.

They also change the curvature of the wing thus producing more lift as well.

They are used for takeoff and landing because they allow the wing to produce more lift at a slower speed.

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Q: What are the flaps of an airplane used for?
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