winglett
The flaps are simply called flaps.
Flaps increase the aerodynamic lift of a wing by increasing it's surface area. This allows the airplane to generate a greater amount of lift at slower speeds. In other words, when the flaps are extended, the airplane doesn't have to go as fast in order to take off or land. The flaps are retracted once the airplane is off the ground and has increased its speed to a point where the extra lift from the flaps is no longer needed. Flaps also have the effect of increasing drag on the airplane wing which reduces the airplane's speed and efficiency, but this only affects the aircraft when operating at higher speeds.
winglett
The wing is the main flying surface. Control surfaces include the ailerons, flaps and slats.
Basically they 'curve' the wing, forcing the airflow to lift more weight.
They are quite literally called flaps, and they make the plane go up, down, left and right.
The ailerons are the control surface on the wings of an airplane. Ailerons control the bank (or roll) of the aircraft. Underneath the wing are flaps, which slow the airplane down and provide lift, typically used during landings and sometimes for short-field takeoffs. Some large aircraft also have slats, which are sort of like flaps for the front side of the wing. Many aircraft also have spoilers, or air brakes, on the top surface of the wing. On the tail are two other control surfaces, the rudder, which controls yaw, and the elevators, which control pitch.
The flaps on a plane's wing are called "flaps." They are movable surfaces located on the trailing edge of the wings and are used to increase lift during takeoff and landing. By extending the flaps, the wing's surface area increases, allowing the aircraft to fly at slower speeds without stalling. There are different types of flaps, including plain, split, and Fowler flaps, each serving to enhance aerodynamic performance.
There is no other name. There are similar things, but each has a name like slats, or something.
Flaps is the only name, although there are similar devices called slats and spoilers.
If you are referring to the distance from wing tip to wing tip, it is usually called "wingspan".
No. On MOST airplanes, ailerons are separate from flaps. Ailerons are used to help steer the airplane, while flaps are lowered to change the aerodynamic shape of the wing to provide more lift during take off and landing.