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the wing flaps go up and down
The flaps are simply called flaps.
winglett
winglett
The trailing edge of the wing is the part that is referred to as the flaps.
circular
The wind is required to pass over the wing to create a vacum which lifts the plane. Flaps are used to extend the wing surface to help with lift
Not necessarily, flaps are used to increase surface area of the wing thus producing more lift and slowing it down but at low speeds of about 135 knots/240MPH it's effect is very minor on the speed.
Flaps generally change the geometry of the wing for landing and take off speeds
Flaps in some cases are used to increase wing surface area. In most small single and multi-engine airplanes the flaps that are being utilitized usually plain, split or slotted, do not increase the surface area. They increase the camber (camber being the distance between the mean thickness of the wing and the line going from the leading edge to the trailing edge (called the chordline)), and also increase the coefficient of lift (or how hard the wing is working to produce lift). On most transport category airplanes they utilize what is called fowler flaps. These flaps increase the surface area of the wing by moving the flaps rearward on a track. This rearward movement increases those things stated earlier and also increased the surface area, which also produces more lift.
Planes like B-2 Bomber And F-117 Nighthawk are these king of planes. They fly one main wing. They are called Omniwings.
The air shear going under the wing when flaps are down pushes the plane up off the ground. The reason why planes have wings up is to create low drag and high lift.