gravitational potential energy of 9.81
Earth-observing satellites typically orbit in low Earth orbit (LEO) or geostationary orbit (GEO). The orbital altitude of these satellites is determined by factors such as the mission objectives, desired coverage area, and the balance between gravitational pull and orbital velocity.
No. A satellite in geostationary orbit remains stationary over a single point on the earth's equator. It must have an altitude of 22,236 miles above the earth, which makes its orbital period exactly one day. The moon is much too far away for that; its orbital period is 28 earth days.
The radius of a geostationary orbit around Earth is approximately 42,164 kilometers.
-- circular orbit, rather than elliptical -- orbit positioned over the equator, not inclined to it -- correct orbital radius to result in a period equal to the sidereal day = approx 23hr 56min
A geostationary orbit is a circular orbit above the Earth's equator at an altitude where the orbital period matches the rotation period of the Earth. This results in the satellite appearing stationary relative to a fixed point on the Earth's surface. Geostationary satellites are commonly used for telecommunications, weather monitoring, and broadcasting.
LEO orbit is closer to the Earth than a geostationary orbit is.There's essentially no difference in their distance from the Sun.
Because the geostationary orbit round the Earth is perturbed by gravity from the Sun and Moon. The biggest effect is to change the orbital plane of the geostationary satellite so that, after a while on station, in 24 hours it appears to move up and down slightly. For that reason communications satellites need motors and fuel to correct the orbit from time to time.
No. Geostationary orbits are equatorial, but equatorial orbits are not necessarily geostationary. To be geostationary, the orbit needs to be equatorial, circular and at the altitude such that one orbit takes one sidereal day (approximately 24 hours 3 minutes 56 seconds. ) An equatorial orbit need only be located above the equator, may have any period and need not be circular.
The time for one (stable) orbit is directly linked to the orbital radius. At one particular radius (geostationary), the resultant stable orbit velocity is exactly enough to match the rotation of the earth, keeping the satellite overhead at all times. This geostationary radius is approximately 42 000 km from earths centre and most geostationary satellites are roughly in the equatorial plane.
Geostationary Earth Orbit
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A satellite is in geostationary orbit when it orbits the Earth at the same speed and direction as the Earth's rotation. This allows the satellite to appear stationary from the surface of the Earth. Measurements of its position and velocity can confirm that it is in geostationary orbit.