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I only know of three.

Volcanoes form:

(1) At convergent boundaries (subduction zones), where one plate is being subducted (going beneath) the other. At the right depth, it will begin to melt, and form new magma. This magma will rise, and can punch out of the overriding crust to form a new volcano. On land, this creates a volcanic mountain chain (the Juan de Fuca plate subducts beneath the North American plate and creates the Cascade Mountains). In the ocean, this will create a volcanic island arc (The Pacific plate subducts beneath the North American plate and creates the Aleutian Island Arc). In general, these volcanoes are more felsic ("granitic") in nature, and more explosive. These are usually stratovolcanoes/composite volcanoes.

(2) At hot spots, where a large magma plume has risen from the mantle (generally, but not always beneath oceanic crust) in the middle of a plate (away from a boundary) and has cut through the crust to form a volcano. Given time and enough erupting, it will rise through the ocean surface and emerge as a volcanic island - which is how the Hawaiian Islands and Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount range formed. These are generally shield volcanoes.

(3) At divergent boundaries, where the crust is moving apart, magma is wedging its way between the plates, and often erupts as a volcano. We just generally don't think of these because they're usually thousands of feet below the ocean, which most people don't care about. However, if you visit Iceland, you can walk up and see the divergent boundary of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge splitting the small country in two. When it gets angry, it throws beautiful, mile-long fissures of lava hundreds of feet into the air. That's definitely a volcano - a fissure volcano.

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9y ago
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12y ago

1. continental vs oceanic

2. oceanic vs oceanic

3. over hotspots

4. at mid atlantic ridges (underwater eruption-->hardened into volcano

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Q: What are the four ways volcanoes can form?
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