Remember that the Schwann cells are made of myelin sheath which insulate the impulse, but also block the sodium ion/potassium ion channels. Therefore there has to be a point where the action potential 'jumps' to, and these are the gaps between the Schwann cells, they are called the Nodes of Ranvier.
nodes of ranvier
nodes of ranvier
nodes of ranvier
Synaptic clefts.
nodes of Ranvier
Synapse
They are more or less equally spaced. The size of the nodes span from 1–2 µm whereas the internodes can be up to (and occasionally even greater than)1.5 millimeters long, depending on the axon diameter and fiber type.
Theodor Schwann was a German physiologist who discovered Schwann Cells also known as neurolemmocytes. He's also credited with discovering pepsin and inventing the term metabolism.
well, my guess is 1838, but don't take my word for it.
Schwann
wherever the Schwann cells wrap around the axon, the sodium and potassium ions cannot cross the membrane; the Schwann cells wrap too tightly around the axonal membrane for there to be any extracellular space underneath them. Therefore, the only place that an action potential can occur is at the node of Ranvier-- the space between the Schwann cells. Because of this, the action potential seems to jump from node to node along the axon. "Jumping" is what the word "saltatory" means.
They are called oligodendrocytes but in the peripheral nervous system you would call them schwann cells.
yesSome brain cells are called 'schwann cells'
Adjacent cells are cells that are together, and do not have other cells between each other. A cell beside another one are together called adjacent cells, as are cells that are above or below each other and touching. So A1 and A2 are adjacent cells, as are B1 and C1. A1 and C1 are not adjacent cells as B1 is between them. A1, B1 and C1 would be adjacent cells.
gap junctions
Gap junction
An adjacent group of cells are known as a range or a block. There is no particular name for a group of non-adjacent cells.
Anchoring junctions link intermediate filaments to adjacent animal cells, attaching the cells but still allowing movement or stretching.
The cells that are thought to enable myelination to take place are called Glial Cells, which wrap themselves around the axions in a spiral fashion. This creates a sheath, or insulation, around the axion. It is often referred to as 'White Matter'.
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
This questions has been answered below in the related discussions, "what are Schwann cells"
They are more or less equally spaced. The size of the nodes span from 1–2 µm whereas the internodes can be up to (and occasionally even greater than)1.5 millimeters long, depending on the axon diameter and fiber type.
The formation of myelin sheath around the axon is called the myelinogenesis. In the peripheral nerve, the myelinogenesis starts at 4th month of intrauterine life. It is completed only in the second year after birth. Before myelinogeneis, Schwann cells of the neurilemma are very close to axolemma as in the case of unmyelinated nerve fiber. The membrane of the schwann cell is double layered. The schwann cells wrap up and rotate around the axis cylinder in many concentric layers. The concentric layers fuse to produce the myelin sheath but the cytoplasm of the cells is not deposited. Outermost membrane of Schwann cell remains as neurilemma. Nucleus of these cells remains in between myelin sheath and neurilemma. In the central nervous system, the schwann cells are absent and the myelin sheath is formed by the neuroglial cells called the oligodendroglia.