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The refrigerant cylinder is heated in a tub of water to no more than 90 degrees F. Electric heating blankets manufactured for this purpose may also be used.
A graduated cylinder is simply a beaker with parallel sides and equally spaced volume markings along the side. As the sides are parallel the volume increases proportionately to the level of fluid in the beaker. Equally spaced markings ("graduations") are marked on the side of the cylinder to indicate the volume of fluid to that point.If you are using a graduated cylinder you will notice that the level of fluid (eg water) will seem to cling to the sides of the glass near the edge in a small radius due to the surface tension of the fluid. This radius is called the miniscus. Always read the volume of fluid from the marking at the bottom of the miniscus.
Each producer of laboratory glassware has its own system; these graduations are for volume.
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If the rock is small enough to be put into the cylinder, then fill the cylinder first with water to a known level (the graduations will usually indicate the volume). Then slowly drop the rock into the cylinder without splashing. Now read the level of the water (again the graduations will usually indicate the volume). Subtract the first reading from the second and that would be the volume of the rock.
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If it has the proper graduations, yes.If it has the proper graduations, yes.
A graduated cylinder is more accurate to measure by millilitres, definitely. Unless you are told where gradiations should start. The millilitre graduations (and often 0.1ml graduations) are calibrated properly. Whereas, if you were to put in millimetre calibrations you would end up with very imprecise volumes.
A 10mL graduated cylinder has graduations between each milliliter that denote 0.1mL and allow an uncertainty that is lower that 0.1mL. Because a 150mL beaker doesn't likely have many graduations, the degree of uncertainty is far greater, usually well over 1mL. Beakers are designed to hold a volume and its graduations are only meant to give an approximation while graduated cylinders are specifically designed to deliver large amounts of volume with little uncertainty.
When vapor refrigerant is pulled out of a cylinder the vapor is reduced and the liquid boils to replace the vapor that has left the cylinder.
The graduations are correct only at the temperature marked on the cylinder, the cylinder must be very clean and dry, don't use corrosive liquids for the material of cylinder, read only under the meniscus, not useful for very coloured liquids, the measurement is absolutely correct for liquids and true solutions - not for suspensions.
Put water in the cylinder to a level that would cover the object. Drop the item in and if it sinks, read the new level on the graduations. The difference in volume between the two marks, is the volume of the item.
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